Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.
Inclusion criteria
1 - patients with glaucoma who underwent a previous failed trabeculectomy or other intraocular surgery.
2- patients who had secondary glaucoma and are known to have a high failure rate with trabeculectomy such as neovascular, uveitis, or iridocorneal endothelial syndrome-associated glaucoma, were included in the study.
Exclusion criteria
1 - patients lacked light perception, unwilling or unable to give informed consent, were expected to be unavailable for follow-up visits.
2-had previous aqueous shunt implanted in the same eye, other external impediment to supero-temporal drainage device implantation.
3- presence of silicone oil, vitreous in the anterior chamber sufficient to require a vitrectomy.
4-uveitis associated with a systemic condition like juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, nanophthalmos, Sturge-Weber syndrome or other conditions associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure.