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Enrolling by Invitation

NCT Number: NCT07095374

Associations Between Radiographic Inclination of Premolars and Maxillary Expansion

Recruitment of patients treated using rapid maxillary expanders with dental anchorage, with pre-treatment panoramic X-rays and post-treatment models. In the initial phase of the study, the objective is to correlate the radiographic inclination of the upper permanent premolars in the pre-treatment orthopantomography to the expansion obtained at the end of therapy using a palatal expander with dental anchorage.

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Key information

Conditions

Maxillary Deficiency Congenital Abnormalities Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities Craniofacial Abnormalities Jaw Abnormalities Jaw Diseases Mandibular Diseases Maxillofacial Abnormalities Musculoskeletal Abnormalities Musculoskeletal Diseases Retrognathia Stomatognathic Diseases Stomatognathic System Abnormalities

Age range

6 year–14 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Section of Dentistry - Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatrics - University of Pavia

Pavia, Lombardy, 27100, Italy

About this study

Maxillary transverse deficiency is a common malocclusion, frequently associated with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite, with a prevalence ranging from 8% to 22%. Since transverse development occurs earlier than vertical and sagittal development, inadequate transverse growth can also affect overall craniofacial development. This deficiency can impact aesthetics and functions such as creating excessive buccal corridor spaces, causing dental crowding, and reducing nasal cavity volume, which can lead to breathing difficulties. Thus, timely correction of maxillary transverse deficiency is crucial for harmonizing the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, as well as for enhancing aesthetics and functionality. Currently, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a widely accepted and established treatment for correcting maxillary constriction in patients during their peak growth period.

There is no protocol in the literature that investigates the need for transverse expansion of the upper jaw through the analysis of the inclination of the long axis of the upper premolars and canines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the predictability of the necessary expansion through the analysis of the inclination of the upper premolars and canines in orthopantomography.

In this retrospective study, patients who are scheduled for treatment using rapid palatal expanders with dental anchorage will be recruited. A requirement for recruitment will be the presence of pre-treatment orthopantomography.

The inclination of the tooth will be calculated between the long axis of the tooth and the middle line as previously described by Baccetti et all. In their works regarding impacted canines.

The achieved expansion will be evaluated based on the number of activations recorded in each individual patient's chart clinical records.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients scheduled for orthopedic treatment with rapid palatal expander
  • Pre-treatment orthopantomography
  • Pre and post treatment intraoral scan

Exclusion criteria

  • Previous maxillofacial surgery
  • cleft lip and palate
  • premolar agenesis or extraction for fracture ecc.
  • Previous orthopedic-orthodontic treatments

Treatment and study plan

Rapid palatal expansion

Other

Patients undergone orthopedic treatment with rapid palatal expander

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of required activation for maxillary expansion

    Time frame: T0 (pre-treatment casts/x-rays) and T1 (post-treatment casts/x-rays)

    Correlation between the number of activations of the rapid palatal expander and premolar inclination (angle between the long axis of the premolars with the occlusal plane)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Canine inclination

    Time frame: T0 (pre-treatment x-rays) and T1 (post-treatment x-rays)

    Angle between canines and the occlusal plane

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Pavia

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Associations Between Radiographic Inclination of Premolars and Maxillary Expansion: Retrospective Observational Study

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 31, 2025
Registry last updated
Nov 18, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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