Assessment of Handwriting Skills in a Sample of Egyptian Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

PURPOSE: To assess handwriting difficulties in ADHD children. BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders that affects 7.6% of children worldwide. In addition to the core symptoms defining Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ADHD children often experience motor problems, including graphomotor movements, leading to handwriting difficulties. Studies have confirmed that handwriting skills are adversely impacted by the presence of ADHD, and this is associated with lower academic achievement and self-esteem. Children with ADHD have been found to display greater difficulties in the development of motor coordination, especially in the planning and execution of complex, lengthy, and novel chains of goal-directed behavior. Also, handwriting problems in ADHD may signal underlying executive function deficits such as inhibition, emotional dysregulation, working memory problems, and difficulty with self-monitoring, all of which are required for various daily functions beyond handwriting per se. With a slower motor response and perceptual speed, these deficits may decrease the likelihood that a child with ADHD can work efficiently and stay on-task during school and home activities.

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Key information

Conditions

Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Mental Disorders Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

October 6 university

Giza, Egypt, 123

About this study

Written informed consents will be obtained from the parents of participants. All participants will undergo the following:

Thorough history taking and medical examination.
Anthropometric measurements: weight, height
Diagnosis by DSM 5
Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) to assess the severity of ADHD symptoms.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) test: Stanford Binet intelligence scale, fifth edition to assess the mental ages of the children and measure their intelligence quotients.
Assessment of handwriting using (Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) to evaluate the handwriting skills of the participants including ……
Assessment of neuropsychological abilities related to executive functioning and learning Using the Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning (Leaf) scale.
Language assessment to identify any underlying language deficits that might contribute to handwriting difficulties.
A Baseline mechanical gauge was used to measure palmer pinch strength in kilograms
A Baseline mechanical gauge was used to measure hand grip strength in kilograms
Statistical analysis using the SPSS version 22.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

ADHD children can read and write
both sexes.

Exclusion criteria

low IQ children

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Handwriting Skills

Time frame: 3 monthe

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

October 6 University

Other

Collaborators

National Research Centre, Egypt

Registry information

Acronym: ADHD

Important dates

Study start: 2024
Primary completion: 2024
Study completion: 2024
First posted: Dec 20, 2024
Registry last updated: Dec 20, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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