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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06242444

An Erosion Study to Investigate the Efficacy of an Experimental Dentifrice to Remineralize Enamel

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of an experimental dentifrice containing 1150 parts per million (ppm) fluoride to remineralize acid-softened dental enamel and help prevent further demineralization compared to a 0 ppm fluoride placebo dentifrice and a marketed, fluoride-containing dentifrice (Reference Dentifrice).

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Key information

Conditions

Tooth Erosion Stomatognathic Diseases Tooth Demineralization Tooth Diseases Tooth Wear

Age range

18 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Oral Health Research Institute

Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States

About this study

This will be a randomized, controlled, single center, single-blind, 3 period, 3 treatment, cross-over, in situ design study. Previously demineralized bovine enamel specimens will be placed intra orally using a palatal appliance and the remineralizing performance of the experimental, reference and placebo dentifrices will be evaluated at 4 and 12 hours post toothbrushing, based on surface micro hardness measurements of the bovine enamel specimens. At each treatment visit, once the palatal the appliance is fitted in the mouth, a five minute equilibration period will ensue following which each participant will brush their teeth with their assigned product. Participants will remove the appliance for 30 minutes at 4 and 8.5 hours post brushing and will remove and store the appliance 13 hours post brushing (12 hours intraoral exposure). Sufficient participants will be screened to randomize approximately 33 participants to study treatment to ensure approximately 30 participants complete the study.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Participant provision of a signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the participant has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study before any assessment is performed.
  • Participant is of either sex and any gender who, at the time of screening, is between the ages of 18-65 years, inclusive.
  • Participant is willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, and other study procedures and restrictions.
  • Participant is in good general and mental health with, in the opinion of the investigator or medically qualified designee, no clinically significant or relevant abnormalities in medical history or upon oral examination, or condition, that would impact the participant's safety, wellbeing or the outcome of the study, if they were to participate in the study, or affect the individual's ability to understand and follow study procedures and requirements.
  • Participant with generally good oral health that fulfil all of the following:
  • Having an unstimulated salivary flow rate of at least 0.2 milliliter per minute (mL/minute) and a stimulated salivary flow rate of at least 0.8 mL/minute.
  • Having a maxillary dental arch suitable for the retention of the palatal appliance.
  • Having no lesions of the oral cavity that could interfere with the study evaluations.

Exclusion criteria

  • Participant who is an employee of the investigational site, either directly involved in the conduct of the study or a member of their immediate family; or an employee of the investigational site otherwise supervised by the investigator; or, a Haleon employee directly involved in the conduct of the study or a member of their immediate family (employees of the study site and associated academic institutes who are not directly involved in the conduct of the study are eligible to be considered as participants.)
  • Participant who has participated in other studies (including non-medicinal studies) involving investigational product(s) within 30 days prior to study entry and/or during study participation.
  • Participant with, in the opinion of the investigator or medically qualified designee, an acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator or medically qualified designee, would make the participant inappropriate for entry into this study.
  • Participant who is pregnant (self-reported) or intending to become pregnant over the duration of the study or who is breastfeeding.
  • Participant with known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients.
  • A participant who, in the opinion of the investigator or medically qualified designee, can't comply with study requirements or who should not participate in the study for other reasons.
  • Participant unwilling or unable to comply with the Lifestyle Considerations described in this protocol.
  • Participant taking medication that may interfere significantly with the saliva flow in the judgment of the investigator. Should new medications that may interfere with the saliva flow be added, a second salivary flow test will be performed.
  • Participant with any condition that would impact on their safety or wellbeing or affect their ability to understand and follow study procedures and requirements.
  • Participant with any sign of grossly carious lesions (active), moderate or severe periodontal conditions, or severe tooth wear. Participant presenting at screening with minor caries may continue in the study if their carious lesions are repaired prior to the first treatment visit of the study.
  • Participant who wears an oral piercing or oral appliance or orthodontia (besides participants wearing permanent lower retainers, which are eligible).
  • Participant who has previously been enrolled in this study.

Treatment and study plan

Experimental Dentifrice

Drug

Dentifrice containing 1150 ppm fluoride and 5% KNO3.

Placebo Control Dentifrice

Drug

Dentifrice containing 0 ppm fluoride and 5% KNO3.

Reference Dentifrice

Drug

Dentifrice containing 1100 ppm fluoride as SnF2.

Other names: Crest Pro-Health Densify Daily Protection

Primary outcomes

  1. Adjusted Mean Percent Surface Microhardness Recovery (%SMHR) at 4 Hours (Test Dentifrice Versus (vs.) Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %SMHR was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to remineralize enamel. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and the extent of remineralization was evaluated using surface microhardness (SMH) technique to yield the %SMHR. The enamel specimens were evaluated both prior to and after intra-oral exposure and indentation lengths were measured. The %SMHR was derived as [(E1-R)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (micrometre [μm]) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 4 hours in situ remineralization.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Adjusted Mean Percent Relative Erosion Resistance (%RER) at 4 Hours (Test Dentifrice vs. Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %RER was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to protect enamel from further acid-induced demineralization by both acid protection and remineralization. SMH technique was used to calculate %RER. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to calculate %RER. The %RER was derived as [(E1-E2)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice).

  2. Adjusted Mean %SMHR at 4 Hours (Test Dentifrice vs. Reference Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %SMHR was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to remineralize enamel. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and the extent of remineralization was evaluated using surface SMH technique to yield the %SMHR. The enamel specimens were evaluated both prior to and after intra-oral exposure and indentation lengths were measured. The %SMHR was derived as [(E1-R)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 4 hours in situ remineralization.

  3. Adjusted Mean %SMHR at 12 Hours

    Time frame: At 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %SMHR was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to remineralize enamel. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and the extent of remineralization was evaluated using SMH technique to yield the %SMHR. The enamel specimens were evaluated both prior to and after intra-oral exposure and indentation lengths were measured. The %SMHR was derived as [(E1-R)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 12 hours in situ remineralization.

  4. Adjusted Mean %RER at 4 Hours (Test Dentifrice vs. Reference Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %RER was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to protect enamel from further acid-induced demineralization by both acid protection and remineralization. SMH technique was used to calculate %RER. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to calculate %RER. The %RER was derived as [(E1-E2)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice).

  5. Adjusted Mean %RER at 12 Hours

    Time frame: At 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %RER was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to protect enamel from further acid-induced demineralization by both acid protection and remineralization. SMH technique was used to calculate %RER. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to calculate %RER. The %RER was derived as [(E1-E2)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice).

  6. Adjusted Mean Enamel Fluoride Uptake (EFU) at 4 and 12 Hours

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    EFU is a measure of how much fluoride has been incorporated into the enamel during the process of remineralization. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and chemically analyzed to measure the amount of fluoride incorporated into the enamel by the dentifrice treatment.

  7. Adjusted Mean Acid Resistance Ratio (ARR) at 4 and 12 Hours

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    ARR was used to measure the resistance of the remineralized enamel to further acid softening. SMH technique was used to calculate ARR. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to calculate ARR. The ARR was derived as 1 - [(E2-R)/(E1-B)] where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 4 and 12 hours in situ remineralization.

  8. Adjusted Mean %SMHR at 4 and 12 Hours (Reference Dentifrice vs Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %SMHR was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to remineralize enamel. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatment in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and the extent of remineralization was evaluated using SMH technique to yield the %SMHR. The enamel specimens were evaluated both prior to and after intra-oral exposure and indentation lengths were measured. The %SMHR was derived as [(E1-R)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 4 and 12 hours in situ remineralization.

  9. Adjusted Mean %RER at 4 and 12 Hours (Reference Dentifrice vs Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    %RER was used to measure the ability of the dentifrice to protect enamel from further acid-induced demineralization by both acid protection and remineralization. SMH technique was used to calculate %RER. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to calculate %RER. The %RER was derived as [(E1-E2)/(E1-B)] * 100 where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice).

  10. Adjusted Mean EFU at 4 and 12 Hours (Reference Dentifrice vs Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    EFU is a measure of how much fluoride has been incorporated into the enamel during the process of remineralization. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and chemically analyzed to measure the amount of fluoride incorporated into the enamel by the dentifrice treatment.

  11. Adjusted Mean ARR at 4 and 12 Hours (Reference Dentifrice vs Placebo Control Dentifrice)

    Time frame: At 4 and 12 hours of intra-oral exposure following treatment on Day 1 of each treatment period (each treatment period was of 2 days with 3 days washout in between)

    ARR was used to measure the resistance of the remineralized enamel to further acid softening. SMH technique was used to calculate ARR. Previously demineralized, sterilized bovine enamel specimens were placed intra orally using a palatal appliance. The enamel specimens were exposed to the dentifrice treatments in the mouth during the treatment application and allowed to remineralize intra orally under the action of the participant's saliva. The specimens were then removed from the palatal appliance and further treated with acid ex situ followed by additional SMH evaluations to yield ARR. The ARR was derived as 1 - [(E2-R)/(E1-B)] where: B = indentation length (μm) of sound enamel at baseline, E1 = indentation length (μm) after first erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), E2 = indentation length (μm) after second erosive challenge (with a commercially available grapefruit juice), R = indentation length (μm) after 4 and 12 hours in situ remineralization.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

HALEON

Industry

Registry information

Official study title

A Randomized, Examiner Blind, Crossover, in Situ Erosion Study To Investigate The Efficacy Of An Experimental Dentifrice In Remineralization Of Softened Enamel Compared To Placebo and Reference Dentifrices

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Feb 5, 2024
Registry last updated
May 8, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

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This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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