An Atlas of Airways at a Single Cell Level in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Controls

Inclusion criteria

• Absence of acute pathology
• Absence of symptom evoking an evolutionary pathology

For healthy volunteers :

• Non-smoker (active or passive) or ex-smoker of less than 5 packet-years and quit for more than 10 years.
• Absence of known significant chronic pathology
• Normal Respiratory Function Test (RFT)
• Woman of childbearing age using an effective method of contraception

For COPD patients :

• Diagnosis of COPD based on dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum production, a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and/or a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease associated with spirometry that demonstrates a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70 and lack of reversibility.
• Stage GOLD 1 (post-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% theoretical) or 2 (post-bronchodilator FEV1 between 50 and less than 80% theoretical) or 3 (post-bronchodilator FEV1 between 30 and less than 50% theoretical) For IPF patients
• Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis made less than 5 years ago on the basis of scannographic and/or histological criteria and validated at a consultation meeting on interstitial pathology according to the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2018 recommendations.

Exclusion criteria

• Recent rhino-bronchial infection (< 6 weeks)
• Subjects on antiplatelet or other anticoagulant medication at risk of bleeding during sampling.
• Subjects with a history of clinically significant vaginal discomfort (i.e., recurrent or unconsciousness, etc.)
• History of allergy or intolerance to xylocaine and/or propofol
• History of significant epistaxis (i.e. recurrent epistaxis of any quantity or at least one severe epistaxis)
• Subject at risk of difficult intubation according to the criteria of the 2006 FSSR expert conference*.
• Pregnant (a urine test will be performed for all women of childbearing age) or breastfeeding woman

For patients :

• Long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy regardless of the reason for the prescription.
• Systemic corticosteroid therapy within the previous 3 months
• Patient on long-term oxygen therapy
• Chronic cardiovascular, neuro-psychic, metabolic pathology in progress, clinically significant or uncontrolled in the last 6 months
• Other associated chronic respiratory pathology (COPD, asbestosis, bronchiectasis ...)