Alcohol Labeling Study

Measured using the following item "How many drinks did you have yesterday? If you're not sure, make your best guess. By 'yesterday,' we mean before you went to bed, even if the drinking happened after midnight. One drink is equivalent to a 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a drink with one shot of liquor." Participants will respond with the number of drinks they consumed.

Measured using 3 survey items: 1) "How interested are you in drinking no more than x drinks in the next week?" 2) "How much do you plan to have no more than x drinks in the next week?" and 3) "How likely are you to have no more than x drinks in the next week?" where x = 7 if the participant's sex at birth is female, 14 otherwise. Response options are on a 5-point scale with lowest endorsement coded as 1 and highest endorsement coded as 5. Researchers will average responses to the 3 items. Higher scores indicate greater intentions to limit drinking.

Measured using 5 survey items asking participants how often they chose to forgo a drink during the study (e.g., "In the last 7 days, how often have you stopped yourself from having an alcoholic drink because you wanted to cut back?"). Response options are on a 5-point scale ranging from "Never" coded as 0, to "10 or more times", coded as 10. Researchers will average responses to the 5 items. Higher scores indicate greater frequency of forgoing a drink.

Participants will report the number of drinks they had yesterday using the following item "How many drinks did you have yesterday?" For each participant, researchers will calculate the maximum number of drinks in a day as the highest number of drinks participants report consuming in one day during the study period.

Participants will report the number of drinks they had yesterday using the following item "How many drinks did you have yesterday?" The proportion of days drinking will be calculated as the number of days participants report consuming alcohol during the study divided by the total number of days they report their alcohol consumption during the study. Missing data will be excluded from both the numerator and denominator.

Measured using 1 survey item: "Did the labels make you feel...?" where response options are "Less in control of your drinking" "Neither less nor more in control of your drinking" and "More in control of your drinking." Responses will be coded as increasing control (1) vs. reducing control or neither increasing nor reducing (0).

Measured using 1 survey item: "Did you learn something new from the labels?" where response options are "Yes" (coded as 1) and "No" (coded as 0).

Measured using 3 survey items: "How does having 2 alcoholic drinks a day affect the risk of [cancer/ scarring of the liver/ high blood pressure]?" Response options include "Decreases risk" "No effect" "Increases risk" and "Not sure." Knowledge will be coded as correct if participants select "Increases risk" and incorrect if participants select any other option. Participants will receive a correct overall knowledge score only if they answer all 3 items correctly.

Measured using 1 survey item: "How much did the labels remind you that drinking alcohol can be harmful?" Response options are on a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all", coded as 1 to "A great deal", coded as 5. Higher scores indicate greater reminding of harms of alcohol.

Measured using the item: "What is the chance that drinking 2 [standard drinks of alcohol type] a day will cause you to have health problems one day?" Participants will answer the question 4 times, once about 4 types of alcohol: beer, wine, hard seltzer, and liquor. Response options are on a 5-point scale ranging from "No chance", coded as 1 to "High chance", coded as 5. Responses to the 4 questions will be averaged. Higher scores indicate greater perceived likelihood of having health problems caused by alcohol.

Measured using the item: "How healthy or unhealthy is [alcohol type]?" Participants will answer the question 4 times, once about 4 types of alcohol: beer, wine, hard seltzer, and liquor. Response options are on a 5-point scale ranging from "Very unhealthy", coded as 1 to "Very healthy", coded as 5. Responses to the 4 questions will be averaged. Higher scores indicate greater perceived healthfulness of alcohol.