Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy: Natural History, Growth, and Cognitive/Behavioral Assessments

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) is a disorder that causes many endocrine and developmental problems. To date, medical treatment has focused primarily on maintenance of normal serum levels of calcium, phosphorous, and thyroid hormone. However, these therapeutic interventions do not address the problems of short stature, obesity, and subcutaneous ossifications, which for many are a source of considerable morbidity and personal distress. These patients require frequent medical care, blood tests, and medication adjustments. PHP1A is an inherited condition with an estimated prevalence in the United States of 1:15,000- 20,000, and the studies that we propose provide an opportunity to improve the quality of life in affected patients. We have found that growth hormone (GH) deficiency is common in these patients, and our data suggest that GH testing should be part of their routine standard of care. We have been investigating whether GH treatment can increase final adult height and also whether GH treatment can reduce weight and improve a variety of metabolic disturbances and overall health in both children and adults.

GH deficiency not only leads to short stature and obesity, but also to osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, depressed cardiac and renal function, as well as an overall lack of energy. It is quite possible that treatment of GH-deficient patients with PHP1A could improve any or all of the above problems. GH treatment has been FDA approved for use in both children and adults with GH deficiency. Therefore, it may be possible to provide improvement in health and overall quality of life in these patients.

Additionally, we completed a study in which we treated children with PHP1A who are not GH deficient (i.e., GH sufficient). The rationale is that GH treatment could maximize linear growth velocity prior to the premature bone fusion that occurs in this condition and potentially improve final adult height. The supply of growth hormone has ended for this study, and we are following those participants who were in this study and received the growth hormone supply. Some of these patients remain on growth hormone as per clinical care secondary to their responses.

This study also seeks to define the specific neurocognitive and psychosocial disabilities in individuals with AHO in order to develop therapies and improve quality of life. AHO includes two subtypes: pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP).

Inclusion criteria

for GH study:

• Diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A with mutation confirmation and already enrolled previously.
• For the portion of the study in which growth hormone was/is used for participants who are not growth hormone deficient (ie., growth hormone sufficient), the participant had to be over 3 years of age (ie., after 3rd birthday) AND also had to be pre-pubertal at the time of GH initiation; they must have been previously enrolled.
• The growth hormone sufficient participants met the FDA-approved criteria for idiopathic short stature or the SGA indication and were previously enrolled.

Therefore, for all participants enrolled in the growth hormone portion of this study as of now, the growth hormone was/is used according to FDA-approved indications, and growth hormone use was/is according to standard of care clinical guidelines.

Exclusion:

• Absence of above diagnosis and failure to meet above criteria

Inclusion criteria

for cognitive/behavioral studies:

• Confirmed diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with mutation confirmation and already enrolled previously.
• Ages 4 - 65 yrs

Exclusion:

• Absence of above

Inclusion criteria

for Natural History Study:

• Confirmed diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A or Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with mutation confirmation and also enrolled previously.
• Ages 0.2 yrs - 89 yrs

Exclusion:

• Absence of above