Acute Effect of Motor-Cognitive Training

During the task-based functional MRI scan the participant will complete a task-switching cognitive task, where participants have to identify two possible shapes (circle or square), in one of two possible colors (red or blue). They will respond using a trigger under their left and right foot. The level of brain activation during the task will be captured and reported.

The participant will complete a resting-state functional MRI scan in which they will lay still in the scanner. No task is performed during this scan. Functional connectivity (functionally related regions of the brain that are co-activated) during the scan will be captured and reported.

During the task-based functional MRI scan the participant will complete a task-switching cognitive task, where participants have to identify two possible shapes (circle or square), in one of two possible colors (red or blue). They will respond using a trigger under their left and right foot. The reaction time in milliseconds will be captured. The change in reaction time from pre to post training session will be reported.

During the task-based functional MRI scan the participant will complete a task-switching cognitive task, where participants have to identify two possible shapes (circle or square), in one of two possible colors (red or blue). They will respond using a trigger under their left and right foot. The percent of correct responses (accuracy) will be captured. The change in accuracy from pre to post training session will be reported.

The demographic and injury history form is designed to capture: 1) information about the participant including age, height, weight, race, ethnicity, 2) information related to sports participation, and 3) information related to past injuries or medical conditions which are relevant to the study.

The Defense Veterans Pain Rating Scale is a valid 5-item scale to assess pain magnitude and pain interference. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, 0 indicating no pain/interference and 10 indicating as bas as it could be/complete interference.

16-item patient-reported outcome instrument that assesses physical and psychosocial status.This scale ranges from 0 to 4, 0 indicating no problem and 4 indicating severe.

This survey asks individuals to self-report their general physical activity over the past week. This survey ranges from 0 to 10, 0 indicating sedentary and 10 indicating high physical activity.

Heart rate will be monitored with a noninvasive heart rate monitor that will be worn by the participant around the chest at the level of the xiphoid process. Resting heart rate will be collected prior to the start intervention then monitored and recorded throughout the training session.

Average reaction time in milliseconds will be captured during the exercises via light sensors.

The number of misses will be captured during the exercises via light sensors. A miss is considered when they deactivate the wrong sensor or don't deactivate the sensor quickly enough.

The number of hits will be captured during the exercises via light sensors. A hit is considered when they deactivate the correct sensor.

The number of errors will be captured during the exercises by visual observation. An error occurs when they do not complete they exercise correctly.

After each exercise the participant will be asked to rate their perceived exertion on a scale from 6 to 20, 6 indicating low perceived exertion and 20 indicating high perceived exertion

After each exercise the participant will be asked to rate their perceived cognitive difficulty on a scale from 1 to 10, 1 indicating low cognitive challenge and 10 indicating high cognitive challenge