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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06996990

Injury Risk Factors in Volleyball Players

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between injury risk and pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. In this context, it will be investigated how the pain and fatigue levels experienced by volleyball players interact with muscle strength and balance and how these factors increase the risk of injury.

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Key information

Conditions

Injury;Sports Athletic Injuries Fatigue Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Wounds and Injuries

Age range

18 day and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Izmir Democracy University

Izmir, 35140, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among volleyball players and this may be due to the interaction of various physical and subjective factors. Although some risk factors such as muscle strength and balance have been previously investigated, there is limited data on how these parameters together relate to injury risk and athlete health. In this cross-sectional study, standardized tests and self-report questionnaires will be administered to a sample of competitive volleyball players.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Be over 18 years old and volunteer
  • Have not had any upper or lower extremity injuries in the last 3 months
  • Have not had any upper or lower extremity surgery in the last 6 months
  • Play volleyball professionally

Exclusion criteria

  • Having had a lower or upper extremity injury in the last 3 months
  • Having had upper or lower extremity surgery in the last 6 months
  • Being pregnant

Treatment and study plan

Physical evaluations in Volleyball Players

Other

This study will evaluate pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. All these measurements will be completed in two sessions lasting 45-60 minutes.

Primary outcomes

  1. Injury risc assessment

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    The Functional Movement Screening Test will be used to assess injury risc in athletes. Seven exercises are used in this test. Each movement is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum total score of 21. As the score from this test increases, the risk of injury decreases.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pain intensity evaluation

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, where participants rate their pain intensity from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain).

  2. Fatigue assessment

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    The Perceived Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Scale will be used to assess athletes' physical and cognitive fatigue. The scale has 19 items, scored ranging from 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate increased perceived fatigue levels.

  3. Forced vital capacity (FVC)

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be evaluated with a spirometer.

  4. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) will be evaluated with a spirometer.

  5. FEV1/FVC

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    FEV1/FVC will be evaluated with a spirometer.

  6. Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)) will be evaluated with a spirometer.

  7. Peak flow rate (PEF)

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated with a spirometer.

  8. Muscle Strength Measurement

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    The lower extremity muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using isokinetic test. Each maximal voluntary contraction will involve the athlete contracting as hard and as fast as possible from full extension to full flexion.Higher values indicate better muscle strength.

  9. Hand Grip Strength measurement

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will perform three trials on each hand . The maximum grip strength value for each hand will be analysed.

  10. Respiratory Muscle Strength measurement

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using a spirometer. Athletes will perform maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) and expiration (Valsalva maneuver) to obtain measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis.

  11. Cough force measurement

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Cough force will be assessed using a peak flow meter. The highest value of three attempts will be recorded. The high value obtained indicates good cough strength.

  12. Balance evaluation

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and the average distance reached will be recorded.

  13. Quality of Life (SF-36 or WHOQOL-BREF)

    Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

    The Short Form-36 (SF-36) will be used to assess quality of life. total score is scored from 0 (poorest health) to 100 (best health), with higher scores indicating better health status.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Izmir Democracy University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Relationship Between Injury Risk and Pain, Fatigue, Muscle Strength, Balance and Quality of Life in Volleyball Players

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
May 30, 2025
Registry last updated
Jul 7, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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