Acceptance and Commitment Therapy vs. Supportive Psychotherapy With Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Patients will be consented in the adult cystic fibrosis clinic at Drexel University, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Duke University Medical Center, Augusta University and the University of Pittsburgh. For Philadelphia sites (CHOP, Drexel, UPenn, St. Chris), Chelsi Nurse will consent patients to treatment. If at remote sites (Duke Univ Med Center, Augusta Univ, U Pittsburgh) by our local site appointed representatives will consent patients to the study. All CF patients will be approached to assess interest.

If patients are willing to be in the study, they will be given a packet of screening questionnaires (addendum #1). These questionnaires will ask patients: 1) how often participants experience different thoughts and feelings, including some related to having cystic fibrosis; 2) how often participants take their cystic fibrosis medications; 3) their coping style, including how long participants persist in thinking about something that has happened to them; The subject will complete each questionnaire again after 6 appointments (i.e., about 6 weeks later), and again about 3-months after their sixth appointment.

Finally, the investigators hope to learn whether these therapies affect how often subjects take their cystic fibrosis medications, and how this affects their health and wellbeing.

To study this, the investigators will review the number of appointments that are missed six months before enrolling in the program, and six months after completing therapy.The investigators will also review their pulmonary function tests, whether subjects go to the hospital or see their doctor for any extra visits, and the presence of any ongoing symptoms of depression or anxiety. All data will be taken from Allscripts, the Drexel outpatient medical chart. Data will be taken only from the departments of the pi and co-pi's. At UPenn, the social worker at the site will input data into Drexel Redcap through a link sent to them.

Participants will complete 6 sessions of our ACT with CF manualized intervention. Participants will be asked to complete a series of brief questionnaires at the time of consent. If desired, they can take these homes to complete and mail back.

These questionnaires will ask participants about: 1) how often they experience different thoughts and feelings, including some related to having cystic fibrosis; 2) how often they take their cystic fibrosis medications; 3) their coping style, including how long they persist in thinking about something that has happened to them.

Participants will complete each questionnaire again after 6 appointments (i.e., about 6 weeks later), and again about 3-months after their sixth appointment.

These questionnaires take about 45 minutes to complete. Participants will also be asked to complete 6 'Zoom' therapy sessions (using a webcam in their own home or on their own tablet/smartphone and HIPAA-compliant Zoom webcam service) of either "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy", in which participants will learn new ways to manage uncomfortable experiences and feelings (e.g., depression, anxiety) and to engage in positive behaviors, or to "Supportive Psychotherapy", in which participants will talk about their experiences to date. The type of therapy that participants get will be chosen by chance, like flipping a coin. Neither subject nor the study doctor will choose what treatment the participant will get. Participants will have an equal chance of being given each therapy. Audio and video recordings will be taken during each 'Zoom' therapy session. Recordings will be kept on password encrypted USB drives and stored in a locked office only accessible to the principal investigator and adherence coder. Finally, the investigators hope to learn whether these therapies affect how often participants take their cystic fibrosis medications, and how this affects their health and wellbeing. To study this, the investigators will review information from medical charts such as the number of appointments that kept, the number of appointments missed, pulmonary function tests, number of hospital or doctor visits, and the presence of any symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Measures administered are as follows:

Page 1-2: Demographics Page 3-6: CFMHWQ: CF Mental Health and Wellness Self-Report Measure. Page 7-8: BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II. Page 9: BAI: The Beck Anxiety Index. Pearson. Page 10-13: CFQ-R: Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised. Page 14: Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Page 15: CFS: Coping Flexibility Scale. Page 16: My CF Treatments: Treatment Adherence Questionnaire-CF. Page 17-18: ACT Demographics Page 19: CFQ13: Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Page 20: Short Grit Scale Page 21: AAQ-II: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Page 22-23: Styles of Coping Word-Pairs.

Inclusion criteria

• Men and women aged 18 and above.
• Able to read/understand English.
• Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
• PHQ-9 score > 4 or GAD-7 score > 4.

Exclusion criteria

• History of suicidal attempts or acute suicidal ideation on clinical assessment.
• Presence of psychotic disorder or symptoms.
• Pregnant women.
• Presence of psychiatric disorders that interfere with the participation of the study, judged by the study or treating clinician. Presence of other medical conditions that interfere with participation in the study, judged by the study or treating clinician.