Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Caregivers of Children With a RASopathy: An Internal Pilot Feasibility Study and Follow-up Randomized Controlled Trial

Background:

• RASopathies are a group of neurodevelopmental genetic conditions caused by mutations affecting components within the RAS-map kinase (RAS-MAPK) cellular signaling pathway.
• Caregivers of children with a RASopathy are faced with numerous challenges related to the physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms associated with their child s condition.
• The use of virtual interventions has been increasing over the past decade, which increase accessibility and are especially critical during times of physical distancing, such as due to COVID-19.
• Similarly, Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) are being utilized more frequently in order to maximize ecological validity of results and minimize recall bias.
• To our knowledge, no psychological interventions have been investigated targeting parenting stress among caregivers of a child with a RASopathy.

Primary Objectives:

• Internal Pilot Study: To assess the feasibility (e.g., enrollment and attrition) and acceptability (e.g., satisfaction) of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) coping intervention on parenting stress for caregivers of a child with a RASopathy
• Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT): To compare Parental Stress Scale (PSS) changes from baseline to 8 weeks between the Immediate Intervention Arm and the Waitlist Control Arm

Eligibility:

• Caregiver (parent or legal guardian) of a child (< 18 years) residing with them at least 50% of the time who has a diagnosis of RASopathy syndrome including NF1, Noonan Syndrome, Legius Syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, and Costello Syndrome, or another RASopathy
• Access to necessary resources for participating in a technology-based intervention (i.e., computer, smartphone, internet access) or be willing to use an iPod provided by the study team
• Must score a 15 or higher total score on modified questions from the PSS to indicate at least a moderate level of parenting stress
• Ability to read and speak English

Design:

• This is an 8-week psychological intervention study that has two phases: the first, an internal pilot study, will enroll an initial, small cohort of caregivers (n = 8), all of whom will participate in the ACT intervention. (COMPLETE)
• Due to the success of the internal pilot study (with specific benchmarks met), the second phase of this study will be an RCT comparing participants who receive the intervention immediately (Immediate Intervention Arm) with those in a control group (Waitlist Control Arm). Participants randomized to the Waitlist Control Arm will cross over to receive the intervention after the waitlist period.
• The intervention for the RCT phase involves a baseline 90-minute coaching session and two follow-up coaching sessions with a therapist over video chat, followed by weekly prerecorded video modules that the participants can view at their convenience over the following 8 weeks.
• Participants will complete measures of parenting stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and perceptions of child well-being at baseline, the 8-week post-intervention assessment, and a 3-month follow-up assessment. Additionally, the study will use EMA whereby questions will be sent electronically at random times and days (once a day at varying times on 5 days a week) during weeks 0-8 (the first week will serve as baseline data for comparison) for the Immediate Intervention Arm and weeks 0-18 for the Waitlist Control Arm using the Catalyst mobile application by MetricWire software.
• We plan to enroll 8 participants in the internal pilot phase and 56 participants in the RCT phase to account for the potential attrition of two caregivers from the intervention, for a total accrual target of 64 evaluable participants.

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
• Ability to read and speak English
• Age >= 18 years
• Caregiver (defined as parent or legal guardian) of a child (< 18 years) with a diagnosis of a RASopathy syndrome including NF1, Noonan Syndrome, Legius Syndrome, CFC, and Costello Syndrome, or another RASopathy
• The participant s child with a RASopathy must live with them at least 50% of the time
• Access to necessary resources for participating in a technology-based intervention (i.e., computer, smartphone, internet access) or be willing to use an iPod provided by study team.
• Must score a 15 or higher total score on modified questions from the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), indicating endorsement of the midpoint response on average and thus a moderate level of parenting stress.
• Caregiver must not be participating in or planning to participate in psychosocial intervention primarily targeting parenting stress over the duration of the study. Caregivers are able to receive interventions for other mental health concerns as long as parenting stress is not the main focus of treatment.

Exclusion criteria

• Another caregiver in the same household is participating in this protocol. If two caregivers in the same household want to participate, we will inform them that one can enroll on the protocol and the other can receive the intervention materials (e.g., parent workbook, audio recordings) to practice on their own. The reason for this is that parents participating with their partner may interact with the intervention differently and have more direct support than other participants. We will collect data on how many caregivers live in the household and how often the second parent engaged with the parent workbook and audio recordings in our pre and post study questionnaires.
• Uncontrolled psychiatric illness, cognitive impairments, or other circumstance as judged by the Principal Investigator, a licensed psychologist, that would limit compliance with study requirements