A Study to Evaluate the Impact of Maintaining Hemoglobin Levels Using Epoetin Alfa in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Cancer patients often experience anemia due to the disease itself, chemotherapy or both. Quality of life is also affected, due in part to the fatigue associated with anemia. Previous studies with epoetin alfa have suggested that achieving a higher hemoglobin level may improve quality of life and help patients live longer.This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-center study evaluated the effects of treatment with epoetin alfa in maintaining hemoglobin levels between 12 and 14 g/dL to determine its impact on survival and quality of life, in addition to investigating the possible role that epoetin alfa may have on tumor response to chemotherapy. During the double-blind portion of the study, patients were to receive 12 months of treatment with epoetin alfa or placebo. Thereafter, follow-up evaluations were to occur every 3 months until 75% of the patients had died. Effectiveness was to be determined by recording the number of patients surviving at 12 months, the change in hemoglobin from the start of the study until study completion, response to chemotherapy and quality of life. Safety evaluations (incidence of adverse events, physical examinations and clinical laboratory tests) were to be performed throughout the study. The study hypothesis was that maintaining hemoglobin in the range of 12 to 14 g/dL would improve 12-month survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Since the time this study was originally designed, the prescribing information for epoetin alfa has changed. Current use of epoetin alfa should follow the prescribing information. Patients were to receive epoetin alfa injections (40,000 units) under their skin once per week for 12 months or matching placebo. Dosage was to be adjusted up (to 60,000 units) or down (to 75% of the last dose administered) as needed to maintain hemoglobin levels between 12 and 14 g/dL.

Inclusion criteria

• Female patients >= 18 years of age with confirmed diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer who are predicted to start chemotherapy for the first time
• Weight > = 40 kg (88 lbs)
• Postmenopausal for at least 1 year, surgically sterile or practicing an effective method of birth control and have a negative serum pregnancy test at the start of the study
• Must have signed an informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Clinically significant lung, heart, hormone, neurological, gastrointestinal, urinary tract or reproductive system disease
• Receiving dose intensification chemotherapy for bone marrow or stem cell transplantation
• Cancer of the brain or brain/spinal cord disease
• Locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer as the only symptom of breast cancer
• Active second primary cancer or documented history of other cancer within the last 3 years
• Anemia from a cause other than cancer or radiotherapy/chemotherapy
• History of stoke, clots in the lungs or legs or any other blood clotting disorders
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure
• Untreated folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Treatment with epoetin alfa or other forms of erythropoietin within the last 4 weeks
• Known hypersensitivity to epoetin alfa or any of its components
• Pregnant or breast-feeding