A Study to Assess Human Pharmacokinetics of a Medical Food Containing Tri-betahydroxybutyrin

Inclusion criteria

• 1. Subject is a generally healthy male at least 60 years of age.

• Subject has at least a high school diploma or the equivalent.

• Subject has a score of 7 to 10 on the Vein Access Scale at Visit 1 (day -7).

• Subject has a BMI of 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m2, inclusive at Visit 1 (day -7).

• Subject is willing to remain on a stable dose of prescription medications within 30 d prior to Visit 1 (day -7) and throughout the study period.

• Subject is willing to avoid alcohol and intentional exercise 24 h prior to Visit 2 (day 0) and throughout the study period.

• Subject is willing to maintain habitual diet, physical activity patterns, and body weight throughout the trial.

• Subject is willing and able to comfortably abstain from caffeine prior to (10-14 h, target 12 h) and throughout the duration of all clinic visits (up to 14 h on Visit 2; day 0). (This is not a threat to validity to cognitive function; only possible alertness.)

• Subject is a non-user of all tobacco, smoking products (including, but not limited to cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, e-cigarettes), and nicotine products (e.g., nicotine gum and/or nicotine patches) within 6 months of Visit 1 (day -7) and has no plans to change status during the study period.

• Subject is willing and able to comply with the visit schedule.

• Subject has no health conditions that would prevent him from fulfilling the study requirements as judged by the Clinical Investigator on the basis of medical history, physical examination findings, and routine laboratory test results.

• Subject understands the study procedures and signs forms providing informed consent to participate in the study and authorizes the release of relevant protected health information to the Clinical Investigator.

Exclusion criteria

• Subject is female.
• Subject has a fasting glucose greater than 125 mg/dL at Visit 1 (day -7). No retest allowed.
• Subject has abnormal laboratory test results of clinical significance at Visit 1 (day -7) on the basis of age and gender specific reference values and/or at the discretion of the Clinical Investigator, who has MD qualifications. One re-test will be allowed on a separate day prior to Visit 2 (day 0), for subjects with abnormal laboratory test results.
• Subject has a known allergy or sensitivity to any of the ingredients in the study products and/or any ingredients of the meals provided.
• Subject has any signs or symptoms of an active infection of clinical relevance (e.g., urinary tract or respiratory) within 5 d prior to Visit 2 (day 0). If an infection occurs during the study period, test visits should be rescheduled until all signs and symptoms have resolved (at the discretion of the Clinical Investigator) and any treatment (e.g., antibiotic therapy) has been completed at least 5 d prior to testing.
• Subject experiences evidence of delirium, confusion, or other disturbances of consciousness.
• Subject has a history of diagnosed depression in the prior 2 years of Visit 1 (day -7).
• Subject has any diagnosed neurologic disorder that could produce cognitive deterioration including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, local brain lesions including tumors, and normal pressure hydrocephalus.
• Subject has a history of any infective or inflammatory brain disease, including those of viral, fungal, or syphilitic etiologies.
• Subject has a history of repeated minor head injury (e.g., in boxing) or a single injury resulting in a period of unconsciousness for 1 h or more.
• Subject has a history or presence of any acutely unstable medical condition, behavioral, and/or psychiatric disorder or surgical history that could affect the safety of the subject or interfere with study efficacy, safety, PK assessments, or the ability of the subject to complete the trial per the judgment of the Clinical Investigator (has MD qualifications).
• Subject has a history or presence of clinically important endocrine (including hyperparathyroidism, type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypoglycemia), cardiovascular (including, but not limited to history of myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, stroke), pulmonary (including uncontrolled asthma), hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, hematologic, immunologic, dermatologic, rheumatic (including gout), and/or biliary, that, in the opinion of the Clinical Investigator (has MD qualifications), could interfere with the interpretation of the study results.
• Subject has had a loss of 400 mL of blood (e.g., blood/plasma donation) during the prior 30 d of visit 2 (day 0).
• Subject has a history or presence of cancer in the prior two years, except for non-melanoma skin cancer.
• Subject has a history of bariatric surgery for weight reducing purposes within the past year.
• Subject has recently (within 6 months prior to Visit 1; day -7) had a weight loss or gain >4.5 kg.
• Subject has uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg) as defined by the blood pressure measured at Visit 1 (day -7). One re-test will be allowed on a separate day prior to Visit 2 (day 0), for subjects with abnormal blood pressure.
• Subject has extreme dietary habits (e.g., Atkins diet, very high protein, vegetarian, ketogenic diet, calorie deprivation), in the opinion of the Clinical Investigator.
• Subject has used any foods and/or dietary supplements containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) with 30 d prior to Visit 1 (day -7).
• Subject has been exposed to any non-registered drug product within 30 d prior to Visit 1 (day -7).
• Subject has a recent history of (within 12 months of screening; Visit 1; day -7) or strong potential for alcohol or substance abuse. Alcohol abuse is defined as >14 drinks per week (1 drink = 12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, or 1½ oz distilled spirits).
• Individual has a condition the Clinical Investigator believes would interfere with his ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the subject