A New Predictor Marker for Cochlear Implants Infection

A cochlear implant (CI) is a device that restores the sense of hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss. This implant consists of two parts: The first is an internal component, which is surgically implanted under the skin behind the ear and connected to electrodes that are inserted inside the cochlea. The second is an external component that sits behind the ear and consists of a speech processor, a microphone, and a battery compartment. However, complications following device implantation may occur; these complications include flap erosion, local infections, general infections that may lead to meningitis, wound healing disorders, electrode insertion, device migration, and facial nerve injury (1,2). The incidence of infectious complications is quite uncommon, but potentially serious complication of CI surgery occurs at a rate of 1.7% to 4.1% (3-5). CI infection may be managed with conservative treatment modalities; however, persistent infection often ends in implant removal or implant replacement (6).

The body responds to inflammation and stress, including trauma, surgery, or sepsis, by elevating the neutrophil count and by reducing the lymphocyte count (7). Neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of poor prognostic factor in inflammation and in some diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, ischemic cardiac diseases, several types of cancer, and Bell's palsy (8-11). Platelet/ lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is also associated with inflammation and poor prognosis in patients with different types of cancer (12,13). Platelets release proinflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cytokines (14). NLR and PLR can be calculated from complete blood count (CBC), a cheap and simple means of obtaining information regarding inflammation. During an inflammatory reaction, the amount of leukocytes in the circulation changes (9,15).

The relationship of preoperative NLR and PLR with CI infection has not yet been investigated and it is being aimed to show the predictive value of NLR and PLR in patients who developed implant infection after CI placement. First outcome is to compare whether there is a difference between NLR in patients with and without implant infection in patients with cochlear implant implantation. Secondary outcome is to determine which NLR is susceptible to infection if there is a difference between NLR between patients with and without implant infection.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients who developed implant infection after receiving cochlear implant at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Selcuk University Hospital between March 2014 - August 2018.

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Exclusion criteria

• Patients who had hematological disorders. 2) Diseases that retard tissue healing, such as diabetes, renal failure, or skin disease those who had experienced an impact on the head implant area.

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