A Mobile Web App Intervention to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening

This study aims to increase cervical cancer (CC) screening among Yankton Sioux Tribe (YST) women by testing a culturally tailored mobile web app intervention called wPap. We plan to enroll 120 eligible women aged 25-65 living on the YST Reservation, anticipating a 20% attrition rate (about 24 participants) by the six-month follow-up. This sample size is based on prior findings from our wMammogram study, which showed a medium effect size for screening interventions. Selecting 120 participants ensures sufficient power to detect meaningful differences between groups, even with attrition.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: the wPap intervention group, which receives personalized, culturally tailored multimedia messages through a mobile web app along with health navigator support, or a waitlist control group, which receives printed educational materials and health navigator support. The intervention lasts seven days, and assessments will be conducted at baseline, one week post-intervention, and six months post-intervention.

Outcome Measures:

• Primary efficacy outcome: CC screening completion, verified by physician documentation, using any of the three ACS-recommended screening methods (primary HPV test, HPV/Pap co-test, or Pap test alone). Participants without verification will be considered unscreened.
• Secondary outcomes: Knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, self-efficacy, and intention to undergo CC screening.
• Feasibility measures: Participant satisfaction with wPap (4-point scale) and acceptance of the intervention, measured by willingness to recommend it to others.

Data Analysis: Descriptive statistics will summarize participant characteristics, outcomes, and retention. Group equivalence at baseline will be assessed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Chi-square tests and logistic regression will evaluate CC screening completion by intervention group, adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Analyses will be performed using STATA and R.

Inclusion criteria

• Women who are self-identified AI women of the YST in SD
• Women who are aged 25 to 65 years
• Women who have not received any of the following cervical cancer screening tests: a Pap test within the past 3 years, primary HPV testing within the past 5 years, or HPV/Pap co-testing within the past 5 years.
• Women who are willing to use their own mobile phone, iPad, tablets, and computers, or a mobile phone borrowed from the research team for the wPap intervention.

Exclusion criteria

• Women younger than 25 years or older than 65 years
• Women who are currently up to date with cervical cancer screening according to recommended guidelines (Pap test within the past 3 years, primary HPV testing within the past 5 years, or HPV/Pap co-testing within the past 5 years)
• Women with a prior diagnosis of cervical cancer
• Women who have had a total hysterectomy that included removal of the cervix, without a history of high-grade precancerous lesions
• Women with a previous colposcopy examination indicating abnormal cytology that requires more frequent screening than every 3 years