A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of TransCon CNP Compared With Placebo in Infants (0 to <2 Years of Age) With Achondroplasia

Inclusion criteria

• Written, signed informed consent by the parent(s)/caregiver(s) of the participant, and as required by the institutional review board/human research ethics committee/independent ethics committee (IRB/HREC/IEC).
• Male or female younger than 2 years of age at the time of randomization; or for open label sentinel participants, at the time of first administration of IMP.
• Clinical diagnosis of achondroplasia (ACH) with genetic confirmation of heterozygous genotype present during screening.
• Parent(s)/caregiver(s) willing to follow the protocol and instructions provided, including being able to administer weekly subcutaneous injections of trial treatment.
• Compliance to daily Vitamin D supplementation for infants aged 14 days to 1 year. All participants older than 1 year of age with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) measured below lower limit of reference range at screening should start daily Vitamin D supplementation prior to randomization.
• Considered eligible based on the medical history, physical examination, and the results of vital signs, ECG, imaging, and clinical laboratory tests performed during the screening period.

Exclusion criteria

• Known or suspected hypersensitivity to the investigational product or related products (trehalose, tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane, succinate, and polyethylene glycol [PEG]).
• Genetic confirmation of ACH homozygous genotype.
• Premature birth with gestational age < 32 weeks.
• Premature birth with gestational age 32 to 37 weeks, unless time from birth is > 6 months at the time of screening and the child is in good nutritional status, defined as gain in body weight expected for age and diagnosis of ACH, as determined by the Investigator and confirmed with the Medical Monitor.
• Anticipated, as assessed by Investigator and confirmed with Medical Monitor, to undergo surgical intervention during trial participation, including cervicomedullary decompression. Evaluation of immediate risk of requiring cervicomedullary decompression surgery will rely on the following assessments:

• Physical examination (e.g., neurologic findings of clonus, opisthotonus, exaggerated reflexes, dilated facial veins)
• Evidence of uncontrolled sleep apnea as confirmed by local standard of care assessment (e.g. polysomnography or simple sleep test) performed within 6 months prior to screening.
• MRI performed at screening indicating presence of severe cervicomedullary compression (CMC) or spinal cord damage. Presence of abnormal MRI T2 signal intensity at and immediately above and below the cervicomedullary junction should be considered high risk for requiring surgery and the participant is not eligible for trial participation.

Common surgeries, such as insertion of grommets, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or myringotomy tube placement are permitted during trial participation.

• Have a growth disorder or medical condition, other than ACH, resulting in short stature or abnormal growth as determined by the Investigator and confirmed with the Medical Monitor.
• Have received any dose of prescription medications and/or investigational medicinal product or device intended to affect stature, growth, or body proportionality (including human growth hormone or vosoritide) at any time.
• Requires or anticipated to require chronic (> 4 weeks) or repeated treatment (more than twice/year) with oral corticosteroids, or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids during trial participation.
• History or presence of injury or disease of the growth plate(s), other than ACH, affecting growth potential of long bones, including Salter-Harris fracture and recent bone-related surgery, as determined by Investigator and confirmed with the Medical Monitor.
• Have a clinically significant finding indicating abnormal cardiac function, including but not limited to:

• Repaired or unrepaired coarctation.
• Moderate or greater complexity congenital heart disease including tetralogy of Fallot, atrioventricular septal defects, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, double outlet right ventricle, or single ventricle heart disease.
• QTcF ≥ 450 msec on screening 12-lead ECG.
• History or presence of a condition impacting hemodynamic stability (such as autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic intolerance).
• History or presence of the following:

• Chronic anemia.
• Chronic renal insufficiency.
• Chronic or recurrent illness that can affect hydration or volume status, including conditions associated with decreased nutritional intake or increased volume loss.
• History or presence of malignant disease.
• Any disease or condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may make the participant unlikely to fully complete the trial, not adhering to trial procedures, may confound interpretation of trial results, or may present undue risk from receiving trial treatment. This could include family situations, comorbid conditions, or medications that might impact safety or be considered confounding.