A Brief Case Management Intervention to Promote Personal Recovery and Prevent Psychiatric Involuntary Readmissions.

The study's primary outcome will be the number of involuntary readmissions occurred at any hospital of the Canton of Vaud 18 months after study enrolment (T2). Data on involuntary readmissions will be extracted from the Register of Protection Measures (RMP) of the Canton of Vaud and the participants medical records.

To assess the intervention's shorter-term effect, the number and duration of any involuntary readmission occurred at any hospital of the Canton of Vaud at the 6-month follow-up (T1) will be measured as secondary outcome. Data on involuntary readmissions will be extracted from the Register of Protection Measures (RMP) of the Canton of Vaud and the participants medical records.

The French version of the Recovery Assessment Scale is a 24-item, self-report, patient-oriented outcome inventory. The instrument provides a total score of personal recovery as well as sub-scores on five specific dimensions: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others, no domination by symptoms.

Developed through participatory action research and narrative analysis, this is to date the most wildly used tool to measure personal recovery. The RAS has shown satisfactory psychometric properties and sensitivity to change over time.

The Empowerment Scale is a 28-item self-report measure assessing personal empowerment as defined by mental health service-users. A total score as well as five specific sub-scores can be calculated: self-esteem; power and powerlessness; community activism and autonomy; optimism and control over the future; righteous anger. This scale has shown excellent reliability and validity.

The French version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a 10-item inventory measuring self-esteem. This self-report scale has shown satisfactory psychometric properties.

The Paradox of Self-Stigma scale is a 24-items French-language self-report scale developed in collaboration with mental health service-users to measure self-stigma and its three related construct of stereotype endorsement, righteous anger and non-disclosure. The PASS-24 has shown good psychometric properties.

The French version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale, is a self-report inventory of 20 true-false items which assess negative expectations about the future on three dimensions: feeling about the future, decrease in motivation and expectations. The BHS has shown good psychometric properties.

The French version of the WHOQOL-BREF, a self-report scale including 26 Likert type items, measuring quality of life in four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment. The WHOQOL-BREF has shown adequate psychometric properties.

The French version of the International Trauma Questionnaire, is an 18-item self-report scale used to assess Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) symptoms in adults. A total score can be calculated for the PTSD and DSO subscale. A C-PTSD score can also be calculated. The ITQ has shown good psychometric properties.

The French version of the Pressures in Psychiatry Scale, is a 35-item self-report scale developed in collaboration with mental health service-users to assess level of exposure to informal coercion (inducements, persuasions, pressures, threats used to make patients accept therapeutic measures). The P-PSY scale has shown good psychometric properties, especially with an excellent reliability.

The French version of the Coercion Ladder is a single-item self-report instrument, asking patients to rate their experience of care on a visual analogue scale ranging from 1="minimum use of coercion" to 10="maximum use of coercion".

The Index of Fairness and the Index of Effectiveness will be used to assess if participants perceived the experienced treatment pressures as fair and effective.

These two self-administered inventories include four items each.

Satisfaction with hospital care will be measured using the structured satisfaction questionnaire developed by the Swiss National Association for Quality Development in hospitals and clinics (ANQ). This six-item tool assess patients' satisfaction about quality of treatment, information and communication, medication, patient's implication and discharge preparation. The total score of global satisfaction will be computed and used for secondary analyses. Moreover, the ANQ questionnaire includes one-item subscale assessing responders' self-reported health.

The Brief INSPIRE scale, is a service user-rated measure of perceived staff support for personal recovery. The Brief INSPIRE consists of five items, one for each CHIME domain. Responders are asked to rate on a five-point Likert scale, from 0="not at all" to 4="very much", how much they feel supported by mental health professionals in each domain of their personal recovery. A total score between 0 and 100 can be computed.

The type and number of other formal coercive measures received during the timeframe of the study (such as seclusion, restraint, and forced medication) will be extracted from the participants' medical records.

The number and duration of any voluntary readmission occured during the timeframe of the study will be extracted from the participants' medical records.

This structured questionnaire asks participants to indicate whether or not they have been exposed to any other civil measures (such as guardianship, authorised representative, advance directives) and penal measures. The items are presented in a dichotomous format, with a separate "yes" or "no" response for each tool.

This structured questionnaire asks participants to indicate whether or not they have previously used one or more recovery tools (such as Difficulties and Needs Self-Assessment Tool - ELADEB; Joint Crisis Plan - PCC; and the Recovery plan - REVIM) by selecting the corresponding response option for each instrument. The items are presented in a dichotomous format, with a separate "yes" or "no" response for each tool.

This structured questionnaire asks participants to indicate whether or not they have received psychiatric follow-up within the past three months. For each type of follow-up, participants are asked to select either "yes" or "no" for the following providers: psychologist, psychiatrist, nurse, general practitioner, or other. If "other" is selected, participants are asked to specify the type of follow-up received.