Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined With FNB/ACB on Sleep Quality After Knee Surgery

Sleep quality at 24 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The unit of measure is points on a scale. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index includes 7 component scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component score ranges from 0 to 3. The global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score is calculated as the sum of the 7 component scores, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality.

Sleep quality at 48 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The unit of measure is points on a scale. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index includes 7 component scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component score ranges from 0 to 3. The global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score is calculated as the sum of the 7 component scores, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality.

Subjective sleep quality at 24 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. The unit of measure is points on a scale. The questionnaire includes 5 items assessing sleep depth, sleep latency, number of awakenings, time spent awake, and overall sleep quality. Each item is scored from 0 to 100. The final Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score is calculated as the mean of the 5 item scores. The final score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better sleep quality.

Subjective sleep quality at 48 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. The unit of measure is points on a scale. The questionnaire includes 5 items assessing sleep depth, sleep latency, number of awakenings, time spent awake, and overall sleep quality. Each item is scored from 0 to 100. The final Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score is calculated as the mean of the 5 item scores. The final score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better sleep quality.

Resting pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Resting pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Resting pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Movement pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Movement pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Movement pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate more severe pain.

Total sufentanil consumption delivered through patient-controlled intravenous analgesia will be recorded in micrograms. Higher consumption indicates greater postoperative opioid requirement.

Postoperative recovery quality will be assessed using the 15-item Quality of Recovery questionnaire. The total score ranges from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating better recovery quality.

Postoperative recovery quality will be assessed using the 15-item Quality of Recovery questionnaire. The total score ranges from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating better recovery quality.

Motor block will be assessed using the modified Bromage score. The score ranges from 0 to 3, where 0 indicates no motor block and 3 indicates complete motor block. Higher scores indicate greater motor impairment.

Motor block will be assessed using the modified Bromage score. The score ranges from 0 to 3, where 0 indicates no motor block and 3 indicates complete motor block. Higher scores indicate greater motor impairment.

Quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed using the Medical Research Council muscle strength scale. The score ranges from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no visible muscle contraction and 5 indicates normal muscle strength. Higher scores indicate better quadriceps muscle strength.

Quadriceps muscle strength at 24 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Medical Research Council muscle strength scale. The unit of measure is points on a scale. Scores range from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no visible muscle contraction and 5 indicates normal muscle strength. Higher scores indicate better quadriceps muscle strength.

Quadriceps muscle strength at 48 hours after surgery will be assessed using the Medical Research Council muscle strength scale. The unit of measure is points on a scale. Scores range from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no visible muscle contraction and 5 indicates normal muscle strength. Higher scores indicate better quadriceps muscle strength.

Time to first assisted ambulation is defined as the time from the end of surgery to the first successful assisted ambulation, including sitting up, standing, and walking with assistance. The time will be recorded in hours. A longer time indicates delayed early mobilization.

Cognitive function will be assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. The total score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting will be defined as the proportion of participants who experience nausea or vomiting during the first 48 hours after surgery.

The outcome will be calculated as the proportion of participants who require at least one dose of rescue analgesic medication because the pain score remains greater than 4 despite patient-controlled analgesia. The proportion will be calculated as the number of participants requiring rescue analgesia divided by the total number of participants in each group and expressed as a percentage. A higher percentage indicates a greater requirement for additional analgesia.

Perioperative adverse events will include bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, serious arrhythmia, excessive sedation, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and other clinically significant adverse events. The outcome will be reported as the proportion of participants experiencing at least one predefined adverse event.