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NCT Number: NCT07736924

2D:4D Digit Ratio and Urinary Stone Disease

This prospective observational case-control study will investigate whether the 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with urinary stone disease. Adults undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital will be classified as cases if kidney and/or ureteral stones are detected and as controls if no urinary stones are detected and there is no previous history of stone disease or stone surgery. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers who are blinded to the participant group. The study will also examine whether the 2D:4D ratio is associated with recurrent stone disease, stone burden, and bilateral or multiple stones.

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Key information

Conditions

Urinary Stone Calculi Female Urogenital Diseases Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Kidney Calculi Kidney Diseases Male Urogenital Diseases Nephrolithiasis Pathological Conditions, Anatomical Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Urinary Calculi Urogenital Diseases Urolithiasis Urologic Diseases

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18 years or older
  • Provision of written informed consent
  • Undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital during the study period
  • For cases: presence of at least one kidney and/or ureteral stone on non-contrast computed tomography
  • For controls: absence of stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on non-contrast computed tomography
  • For controls: no previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone disease or history of stone-related surgery
  • Feasibility of bilateral second- and fourth-digit length measurements

Exclusion criteria

  • Congenital deformity of the hands or fingers
  • History of hand or finger trauma, fracture, surgery, or amputation that may affect digit length measurement
  • Severe hand deformity, contracture, or advanced joint disease preventing reliable measurement
  • Incomplete, inadequate, or technically unreliable 2D:4D measurements
  • Missing essential clinical, demographic, or imaging data
  • Pregnancy
  • Presence of bladder stones
  • Urinary diversion, major urinary tract reconstruction, or a significant structural urinary tract anomaly

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Urinary Stone Disease Status

    Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

    The lengths of the second and fourth digits of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers blinded to group status. Right and left 2D:4D ratios will be calculated by dividing the length of the second digit by the length of the fourth digit. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be calculated as the average of the right and left ratios and compared between participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones and stone-free controls.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Recurrent Stone Disease Status

    Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

    Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, recurrent stone disease will be defined as at least one previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone episode, spontaneous stone passage, or stone-related surgical intervention before the current stone episode. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be compared between participants with recurrent stone disease and those experiencing their first documented stone episode.

  2. Association Between Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Total Stone Burden

    Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

    Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, total stone burden will be calculated as the sum of the maximum diameters of all detected stones in millimeters on non-contrast computed tomography. The association between mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio and total stone burden will be evaluated.

  3. Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Bilateral and/or Multiple Stone Presentation

    Time frame: At enrollment, during the single study assessment

    Among participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones, bilateral stone disease will be defined as the presence of stones on both sides of the urinary tract, and multiple stone disease will be defined as the presence of two or more distinct stones. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be compared between participants with bilateral and/or multiple stones and those with a solitary unilateral stone.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Emrah KIZILAY, MD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905363887322

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Emrah Kızılay

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Association Between 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Urinary Stone Disease: A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2027
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jul 30, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 30, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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