Zinc and Selenium Bioactivity

• Materials and methods 2.1. Procurement of raw materials Shiitake was procured from the departmental store of Lahore and placed in a sealed bag (Zip bag). All the research work was performed at the University of Lahore's Institute of Food Science and Technology

2.2. Fortification of Zn and Se in the rice flour cookies Cookies were made with rice flour samples supplemented with Zn and Se extracted from shiitake mushroom, at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of cookie dough, according to the usual process outlined by AACC. Butter, sugar, salt, baking powder, egg, ghee and water were used as common ingredients in all treatments, while Zn, and Se extracted from shiitake powder were used as variable ingredients according to the treatments plan given in ST 1. All ingredients were weighed precisely and mixed homogeneously in laboratory mixer bowl for 10 minutes for each treatment group (T0, T1, T2 and T3). After the homogenous mixing, a resting period of 10 to 15 minutes was applied. The dough was converted into a 5mm thick sheet which was cut into cookies using suitable molds. Baking was accomplished at 170°C for 12 to 15 minutes followed by cooling at room temperature. After cooling, cookies were packed in propylene bags. However, each serving (one cookie) in groups T1, T2, and T3 provided an average of 10 mg:10 µg, 15 mg:15 µg, and 20 mg:20 µg of Zn and Se, respectively, as verified by formulation and batch testing. All batches were processed under standardized conditions to ensure ingredient homogeneity and batch to batch uniformity.

Anthropometric measurements, Microbiological and Hematological Parameters were measured 2.4. Statistical Analysis All resulting data were analyzed statistically to test the significance level (p≤0.05) via the completely randomized design (CRD) by using analytical software statistix (version 8.1).

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged 30-55 years.
• Confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (Pul-TB) with positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum samples.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients diagnosed with extra-pulmonary TB.
• Patients who had been on anti-TB therapy for more than 2 months prior to enrollment.