Wine Implementation for Surgical Recovery Enhancement

Participants are randomized to receive either the standard of care (SoC - no alcohol assumption) (Control Arm) or the standard of care plus wine-controlled intake (Experimental Arm). All participants are candidates for surgery and habitual consumers of alcohol-containing beverages (7-21 alcohol-containing beverages per week) with a body mass index between 18 and 30 kg/m2.

Control Arm subjects adhere to diet free of any alcohol-containing beverages, as normally recommended by surgeons in their clinical practice.

Subjects assigned to the Experimental Arm adhere to usual diet, but were instructed to "Western prudent" dietary principles of the Lyon Diet Heart study, which is the reference in terms of cardiovascular protection, to avoid supplementation of multivitamin, minerals or probiotics, to not drink more than 2 cups of coffee, black or green tea per day and to supervise the intake of food rich in phenolic compounds through providing a list of suggested foods. Subjects will be randomly assigned to consume exclusively during meals one glass (around 150 ml at lunch and 150 ml at dinner) of red wine containing ethanol (˜13% EtOH v/v) with a high content of phenolic compounds (800 mg of Gallic acid equivalent) both for woman and men. Total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activity (Folin-Ciocalteu method with calibration curve in gallic acid), antioxidant/radical scavenger capacity [DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test] and phenolic profiles [HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)/DAD (diode-array detector) /ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry) analysis] will be performed for wine selection for the clinical trial. The wine administered for the study purposes will be chosen from a series of wines that will be proposed by the sponsor of the study. The wine with the best polyphenolic and antioxidant properties will be chosen to be administered to the enrolled patients.

For both randomized groups, SoC plus W.I.S.E and SoC only, in order to assess participant's alcohol consumption, a trained psychologist will administer the AUDIT questionnaire specific for alcoholic drinks and a qualitative interview to patients. Frequency of intake is scheduled and each participant will be allowed to drink up to a single unit of wine at lunch and a single unit of red wine at dinner per day from the first post-operative day, during all the hospital stay, and for the next 30 days

Inclusion criteria

• 18 years-old or older
• Candidate to surgery
• Willing to follow the protocol
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Severe Chronic Kidney Disease (eGFR<30)
• Severe liver disease (Child-Pugh B or C)
• Severe heart failure (NYHA Classes III-IV)
• body mass index lower than 18 or higher than 30 kg/m2
• Pregnant woman
• Teetotal subjects
• History of alcohol abuse evaluated through AUDIT questionnaire and qualitative interview by a psychologist
• Higher than moderate alcohol intake consumers (more than 25 g of alcohol per day for women and 40 g of alcohol per day for men)
• Type I diabetes
• Severe respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD classes III-IV)
• Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, fibromyalgia or multiple sclerosis.