Whole Body Vibration and Exercise in Knee Pain

Visual Analog Scale (VAS). For the assessment of pain intensity during activity we will use an analogue scale of 10 centimeters, in which, 0 corresponds to "no pain" and 10 represents the "worst pain imaginable". The VAS of 10 centimeters is trusted and validated.

The questionnaire Douleur Neuropathique-4 items (DN4) (Bouhassira D, et al., 2005).

In order to assess neuropathic pain, we have used the Spanish validated version of the DN4 (Perez et al., 2007). This questionnaire consists of 10 items, consisting of descriptions and signs of pain that are evaluated with 1 (yes) or 0 (no) that indicate patients who have a high probability of having a neuropathic pain component. The evaluations of the individual items are added to obtain a maximum total score of 10, with a cut-off point ≥4.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS). For the assessment of pain intensity during activity we will use an analogue scale of 10 centimeters, in which, 0 corresponds to "no pain" and 10 represents the "worst pain imaginable". The VAS of 10 centimeters is trusted and validated.

The questionnaire Douleur Neuropathique-4 items (DN4) (Bouhassira D, et al., 2005).

In order to assess neuropathic pain, we have used the Spanish validated version of the DN4 (Perez et al., 2007). This questionnaire consists of 10 items, consisting of descriptions and signs of pain that are evaluated with 1 (yes) or 0 (no) that indicate patients who have a high probability of having a neuropathic pain component. The evaluations of the individual items are added to obtain a maximum total score of 10, with a cut-off point ≥4.

Goniometer (Norkin, 1997; Hancock et al., 2018). Knee flexion ROM measurement The individual was placed at dorsal decubitus, with 90 degrees of hip flexion. Hip positioning was guaranteed by the use of a thigh device which aided in the maintenance of the pre-set position. The universal goniometer was placed next to the femoral lateral epicondyle. The static handle of the goniometer was aligned with the thigh, having the femoral major trochanter as reference and the mobile handle aligned with the leg, with reference in the fibula lateral malleolus. The digital inclinometer was placed proximal and anteriorly on the leg, resting on the tibial crest.

Knee extension ROM measurement The individual was at dorsal decubitus, with extended legs. The evaluated limb was raised by the heel, with knee stabilization in contact with the stretcher. The instruments positioning in relation to the segment was the same of the measurements performed for knee flexion.

Goniometer (Norkin, 1997; Hancock et al., 2018). Knee flexion ROM measurement The individual was placed at dorsal decubitus, with 90 degrees of hip flexion. Hip positioning was guaranteed by the use of a thigh device which aided in the maintenance of the pre-set position. The universal goniometer was placed next to the femoral lateral epicondyle. The static handle of the goniometer was aligned with the thigh, having the femoral major trochanter as reference and the mobile handle aligned with the leg, with reference in the fibula lateral malleolus. The digital inclinometer was placed proximal and anteriorly on the leg, resting on the tibial crest.

Knee extension ROM measurement The individual was at dorsal decubitus, with extended legs. The evaluated limb was raised by the heel, with knee stabilization in contact with the stretcher. The instruments positioning in relation to the segment was the same of the measurements performed for knee flexion.

Functional Scale of the Lower Extremity (LEFS). The Spanish version of this self-report questionnaire will be applied. This scale consists of 20 items with a score of 0 to 4, where the highest score represents the highest functionality of the lower limb (Cruz-Díaz et al., 2014, Binkley et al., 1999).

Kujala Patellofemoral Score. We will use the validated Spanish version of the validated questionnaire of 13 items, which designate a specific self-report of how each subject with patello.femoral pain perceives the function of the knee. Each item is based on six points where the highest scores represent a better functional capacity (Corum et al., 2018, Martínez-cano et al., 2017)

Functional Scale of the Lower Extremity (LEFS). The Spanish version of this self-report questionnaire will be applied. This scale consists of 20 items with a score of 0 to 4, where the highest score represents the highest functionality of the lower limb (Cruz-Díaz et al., 2014, Binkley et al., 1999).

Kujala Patellofemoral Score. We will use the validated Spanish version of the validated questionnaire of 13 items, which designate a specific self-report of how each subject with patello.femoral pain perceives the function of the knee. Each item is based on six points where the highest scores represent a better functional capacity (Corum et al., 2018, Martínez-cano et al., 2017)