White-coat Hypertension in Childhood - Effects on Blood Pressure and Organ Damage

White coat hypertension, WCH means that the blood pressure are above normal values only when measured at visits to the doctor, but not at home. WCH has in adults proved to be predisposing to the development of hypertension, and damage to the heart and arteries. It is not known if children and young people run the same risk as adults with WCH.

The investigators have previously examined the blood pressure of 1473 healthy children and adolescents in the study "Screening for high blood pressure and silent kidney disease in school children" and the results were published recently in the American Journal of Hypertension. In the study, we identified a number of participants who had the WCH.

The investigators are implementing now, 10 years later, a follow-up study to investigate if these children with WCH have an increased risk of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease. The goal is to investigate whether these young individuals are at similar risk as adults with WCH for hypertension and impaired cardiovascular function.

The investigators will provide our WCH participants extended examinations of the heart, blood vessels and kidney function, which will provide important information as to whether there are effects on cardiovascular health already in adolescence among participants that suffered from WCH in childhood. This is important knowledge in clinical work in order to learn how to best care for these children to minimize their risk of future disease.

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Key information

Conditions

White Coat Hypertension Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension Vascular Diseases

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

About this study

This is a longitudinal study in which all patients with WCH who previously participated in the above-mentioned study are included. The PI will offer the participants an outpatient check-up, which means:

measurement of blood pressure with ambulatory blood pressure measurement during 24 hours to study blood pressure level and variation in blood pressure during the day.
ultrasound examination of the structure and function of the heart
ultrasound examination of blood vessels for calculation of intima-media thickness
investigation of vessel elasticity with pulse wave analysis with Arteriograph.
analysis of blood and urine to examine kidney function.
Questionnaire about eating habits and physical activity

These examinations will be carried out at the Physiology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge. Both ultrasound examination of blood vessels and pulse wave velocity are non-invasive examinations and provide important information about the patient's vascular status. We will take a venous blood sample (approx. 5 ml) for analysis of standard markers for organ damage and vascular function (creatinine, urate, urea, cystatin C) and a urine sample (urine albumin/creatinine). These standard measurements and sampling involve a minimal impact on the individual and the subsequent analysis methods are well developed and have been applied in several previous studies. We will also ask questions about lifestyle, which is part of the doctor's medical history. In cases where hypertension, with or without organ damage, is verified, the persons will be referred further to pediatric nephrology or to adult medicine.

The sampling is recorded according to usual routines and the participation in the study is also indicated.

Each participant is assigned a code number. Some patient-related clinical data will be recorded, such as body measurements and analysis results from blood sampling. Questionnaire responses and results from examinations from cardiac echocardiography, vascular doppler and pulse wave velocity are coded. The code list is kept separately in a locked space. Participating researchers all have access to the code list. During data processing, only coded information is used.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

being identified in our previous study as having WCH

Exclusion criteria

none

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Hypertension

Time frame: at follow up (average 9,3 years after baseline)

blood pressure at hypertensive level
Left ventricular hypertrophy

Time frame: at follow up (average 9,3 years after baseline)

echocardiographic measurment
vascular elasticity

Time frame: at follow up (average 9,3 years after baseline)

pulse wave velocity

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Karolinska Institutet

Other

Registry information

Acronym: WCH

Important dates

Study start: 2015
Primary completion: 2016
Study completion: 2017
First posted: Jun 26, 2023
Registry last updated: Sep 19, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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