Wheelchair-bound Senior Elastic Band (WSEB) Exercise Program for the Demented Seniors

A three-year, longitudinal, triangulation research method was applied. First Year (Phase I): A preliminary WSEB, including hard copy descriptions and DVD demonstrations of each exercise, were sent to the 12 experts in the Delphi advisory panel for their critique and evaluation. First Year (Phase II): A quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design was used to pilot-test the feasibility of the WSEB on a group of 15-20 demented, wheelchair-bound seniors in long-term care facilities. Second Year: A quasi-experimental, pre-post tests, non-equivalent control group design was used to test the long-term effects of the instructor-led WSEB on the functional fitness (cardiovascular-respiratory function, body flexibility, range of the joint's motion, and muscle strength and endurance), daily life function, depression, and problem behaviors of the demented, wheelchair-bound seniors in long-term care facilities. Eight long-term care facilities with 150 demented, wheelchair-bound seniors from southern Taiwan were recruited and randomly assigned based on the facilities to a WSEB experimental group or a waiting-list control group. Participants in the experimental group received the WSEB lead by the pre-trained and certified instructors, three times per week, 40 minutes per practice for 24 weeks; participants in the waiting-list control group remained regular activities in the facilities. One pre-test and two post-tests, 12 weeks apart, were conducted. Third Year: Using the same method as in the second year, participants from the second year were continued practicing the WSEB, but guided by a DVD, for another 36 weeks. The feasibility, compliance, and effectiveness of the DVD-led WSEB on the demented, wheelchair-bound seniors in long-term care facilities were tested, and another three post-tests, 12 weeks apart, were conducted on the same outcome measurements as in the second year.

Inclusion criteria

• aged 65 and over
• diagnosed with dementia by a physician or screened by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as dementia
• wheelchair-bound seniors
• living in the long-term care facility for at least three months

Exclusion criteria

• having severe and acute cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or pulmonary illnesses
• suffering from spinal cord injury with no rehabilitation potential