What Works to Prevent Violence - Malawi Moyo Olemekeza

Defining past year experience of intimate partner violence using the World Health Organization's "Multi-country study measure for intimate partner violence" module.

This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Prohibits respondent from earning money (ii) Takes earnings from respondent against her will (iii) Refuses to give money for household expenses (iv) Keeps respondent from getting a loan (v) ) Not let respondent participate in deciding how the family finances are spend.

This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Slapped respondent or thrown something at respondent (ii)Pushed or shoved respondent (iii) Hit respondent with his fist or with something else (iv) Kicked, dragged or beaten respondent (v) Choked or burnt respondent and (vi) Threatened respondent

This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Physically forced respondent to have sexual intercourse (ii) Physically forced respondent to perform any other sexual acts (iii) Force respondent with threats to perform sexual acts

This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Insulted respondent or made her feel bad about herself (ii) Destroyed her things (iii) Did things that made respondent feel scared or intimidated (iv) Threatened to harm respondent or someone she cares about (v) Thrown respondent out of the house (vi) Taken away respondent's phone or controlled how she uses it

This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Tries to stop respondent from meeting her friends (ii) Tries to limit contact with her family of birth (iii) Insists on knowing where respondent is at all times (iv) Gets jealous or angry if respondent talks with another man (v) Frequently accuses respondent of being unfaithful (vi) Checks her cellphone/WhatsApp logs/messages to see who she has called or messaged/who has called or messaged her

This measure is a summation of the responses to each of 4 relationship attitudes, with a possible maximum score of 4 : (1) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees that violence between husband and wife is a private matter and others should not intervene (2) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees that a woman should tolerate violence to keep her family together (3) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees that if a woman is raped, she has usually done something careless (4) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees that if a woman doesn't physically fight back, one can't really call it rape

This measure is a summation of two indicators with a maximum possible score of 2: (1) Indicator equal to 1 if witnessed/heard and helped when violence was happening between husbands and wives in the community (2) Indicator equal to 1 if was told and helped a woman who experienced violence from her partner in their community

Defined using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access, version 3. Possible score 0-9 with higher scores meaning worse food security.

Defined as logarithmic value of the money earned from all jobs or sales in USD

This will be constructed as representing mild, moderate or severe levels of depression from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale of depression (among all women and men separately). Scores can range from 0-27, with 5-9 indicating mild, 10-14 as moderate and 20-27 as severe levels of depression.

This measure is a summation of 2 indicators with the highest possible score of 2: (1) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees that "respondent alone has control over how she uses the money she earns" (2) Indicator equal to 1 for respondent herself "made the decision to start doing [ACTIVITY]"

This measure is a summation of 2 indicators with a maximum possible score of 2: (1) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees with the statement "I think the husbands in my family should allow their wives to have a job to contribute to the family budget" (2) Indicator equal to 1 for Agrees with the statement "In this community many people think that husbands should allow their wives to have a job to contribute to the family budget"