Wearable Device and Behavioral Support for Enhancing Arm Use After Stroke

The amount of variability for the impaired upper extremity will be quantified by the variety of movements performed.

This outcome measures the active time of the impaired upper extremity in minutes and hours.

The Fugl-Meyer Arm Motor Assessment measures motor impairment, movement coordination, reflexes, and functional ability of the upper limb in stroke patients, providing a quantitative evaluation of motor recovery based on a standardized scoring system.

The Box and Blocks Test (BBT) measures manual dexterity, unilateral gross motor function, and upper limb coordination in stroke patients by assessing the number of blocks transferred within a set time, providing an objective indicator of motor recovery and functional hand use.

The 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) measures fine motor coordination, dexterity, and finger-hand function by assessing the speed at which a participant can place and remove pegs from a board.

The Motor Activity Log (MAL) measures the amount and quality of spontaneous arm use in daily activities in stroke patients with hemiparesis, using patient-reported ratings on a structured questionnaire to assess real-world upper limb function.

Open Point measures proprioception in patients with impaired upper extremity function due to stroke.

Cornella-Barba, G., Farrens, A. J., Johnson, C. A., Garcia-Fernandez, L., Chan, V., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2024). Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 24(23), 7434. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237434

The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) measures stroke severity by assessing neurological function, including consciousness, motor and sensory abilities, language, vision, and inattention to quantify impairment.

The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) measures the impact of fatigue on daily functioning and quality of life, assessing both the severity and the effect of fatigue on physical and cognitive activities through a self-reported questionnaire.

The Fugl-Meyer Sensory Assessment evaluates sensory function in stroke patients by assessing light touch sensitivity and joint position sense (proprioception) in the affected limbs.

The Kinect workspace measures the three-dimensional reachable space of the upper limb in hemiplegic stroke patients by tracking movement using a Kinect sensor, providing an objective assessment of functional reaching ability.

Lee, Y. M., Lee, S., Uhm, K. E., Kurillo, G., Han, J. J., & Lee, J. (2020). Upper Limb Three-Dimensional Reachable Workspace Analysis Using the Kinect Sensor in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 99(5), 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001350

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a screening tool designed to assess depressive symptoms in older adults.

The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) measures a person's subjective experience of motivation in a given activity, assessing factors such as interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, effort, value/usefulness, and relatedness through a self-report questionnaire.

The Modified Ashworth Spasticity Scale measures muscle spasticity by assessing resistance to passive movement in a limb, grading it on a scale from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigid in flexion or extension).

Rating Pain on a scale of 1-10.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening tool that evaluates cognitive function by assessing domains such as memory, attention, language, visuospatial skills, and executive function to detect mild cognitive impairment.

System Usability Scale is a short questionnaire that asks about your experience using a device or system.