VR Simulation-Based Implanted Port Catheter Training in Nursing Students

The primary outcome is the change in students' implanted port catheter knowledge score from baseline to immediately after training. Knowledge will be assessed using the Structured Implanted Port Catheter Knowledge Assessment Checklist. The outcome will be evaluated by comparing the change in knowledge score from baseline to after training between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate a higher level of knowledge regarding implanted port catheter care and application.

Students' satisfaction and self-confidence related to the learning experience will be assessed after the intervention using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale. The satisfaction-related score will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning.

Nursing students' motivation toward the instructional material will be assessed baseline and after training using the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale. Motivation scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate higher motivation toward the instructional material.

The implanted port catheter application performance score will be assessed only in the intervention group during the virtual reality simulation session. This score will be generated by the virtual reality system and will include performance indicators related to routine implanted port catheter application and extravasation/complication management. The score will reflect students' completion of procedural steps, critical safety actions, errors, and complication management decisions during the VR scenarios. This outcome will be analyzed as an intervention-group-specific secondary process outcome and will not be used for between-group effectiveness comparison because the control group will not be exposed to the virtual reality simulation environment. Higher scores indicate better implanted port catheter application performance in the VR simulation environment.