Volumetric Bladder Ultrasound Training for Pediatric Residents

Monitoring fluid balance is crucial in the care of critically ill children. There are several reasons urine output could be decreased. For example, the bladder could be empty because the patient isn't making urine due to dehydration, or the bladder could be full but the patient unable to urinate due to obstruction of the bladder outlet. It is prudent to distinguish this difference in the care of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit patients as the potential interventions vary and none is without potential drawbacks if used inappropriately. At present, there is no standard way to determine whether an oliguric patient has a bladder that is under- or over-filled. Bedside ultrasound is safe, non-invasive, painless, and relatively quick and can help assess bladder volume at the time of noted oliguria. Several studies in pediatrics endorse the use of ultrasound to approximately measure urine volume. Pediatric residents are frequently asked to manage patients' oliguria in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, however, they are not currently being trained how to use ultrasound to measure bladder volume. The investigators hypothesize that following a structured learning plan, by the end of their one-month Pediatric Intensive Care Unit rotations, pediatric residents will be able to independently and accurately measure bladder volume by ultrasound. Volumetric bladder ultrasound is an easily mastered bedside imaging technique. Its implementation could positively affect care of the critically ill infant or child.