Vitamin/Mineral Absorption From Two Different Supplements

Serum or plasma levels of five vitamins and four minerals will be measured at baseline, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the intake of a multivitamin/mineral supplement processed by two different methods. The two methods involve using either conventional isolated vitamins and minerals blended together to provide approximately 100% of the Daily Value, or using the same amount of vitamins and minerals that have first been processing into liposomal forms before blending.

Participants are required to come for two study visits which are 5 to 7 days apart. Health screening will also be done at Study Visit 1. The order of supplement assignment will be randomized, performed in a double-blind manner.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy males and females 18-32 years of age
• BMI 18.5-32 kg/m2
• Free from disease
• Normal blood levels in the comprehensive metabolic panel, or values slightly out of range as approved by the study physician
• Normal blood pressure (individuals whose average blood pressure is greater than 140/90 will be excluded from the study)
• Suitable vein structure and access for successful placement of an indwelling catheter, as determined by our nurse phlebotomist

Exclusion criteria

• Alcohol consumption > 3 drinks/week (i.e., 1 bottle of beer, 1 glass of wine, and 1 shot of hard liquor)
• Smoking
• Vaping or using cannabis in any form
• Using multivitamin/mineral supplements in the past two months
• Currently taking supplements including botanical supplements, probiotics or fiber
• Fruit consumption ≥ 2 cups/day
• Vegetable consumption ≥ 3 cups/day
• Coffee/tea ≥ 3 cups/day
• Chronic/routine high-intensity exercise
• Any chronic health conditions
• Self-reported malabsorption
• Currently taking prescription drugs
• Indications of substance or alcohol abuse within the last 3 years
• Unable to consent