VItamin D in pregnanCy for prevenTion Of eaRlY Childhood Asthma

Defined as either a) parental report of a minimum of 2 wheeze episodes with at least 1 after the child's second birthday and redemption of at least 2 prescriptions of asthma controller medication with at least 1 being after the child's second birthday or b) a minimum of 2 ED visits or hospitalizations due to asthmatic symptoms, and at least 1 of these being after the child's second birthday or c) parental report of physician-diagnosed asthma age 0-3 years

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of persistent wheeze or asthma at age 0-3 years.

Parental reports of physician diagnosed asthma in combination with eczema and/or allergic rhinitis.

Outcome analyses: asthma/persistent wheeze with/without eczema and/or allergic rhinitis (yes/no) by age 3 years. Each subtype is compared with children without asthma.

Defined as cough, wheeze or dyspnea severely affecting the well-being of the child for at least 3 consecutive days based on parental reports.

Outcome analyses: total no. of episodes with symptoms age 0-3 years.

Parental reports of wheezing. Outcome analyses: total no. of episodes with wheeze age 0-3 years.

Outcome analyses: total no. of days with bronchodilator use age 0-3.

Outcome analyses: total no. of prescriptions age 0-3.

Outcome analyses: total no. of days with use of asthma controller medication age 0-3.

Outcome analyses: total no. of prescriptions age 0-3.

Outcome analyses: total no. of episodes age 0-3 years.

Parental reports of physician-diagnosed eczema and prescribed topical antiinflammatory medication on medical record checks.

Outcome analyses: risk (survival analysis) of any eczema age 0-3 years and current eczema (yes/no) by age 3 years.

Based on parental reports of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis.

Outcome analyses: allergic rhinitis (yes/no) by age 3 years.

Parental reports of physician-diagnosed food allergy.

Outcome analyses: any food allergy (yes/no) by age 3 years.

Parental reports of physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis or pneumonia.

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of first lower respiratory tract infection and total no. of lower respiratory tract infections age 0-3 years.

Parental reports.

Outcome analyses: risk (survival analysis) of any gastroenteritis episode and total no. of gastroenteritis episodes age 0-3 years.

Parental reports of physician diagnosed croup.

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of any croup episode and total no. of croup episodes age 0-3 years.

Based on parental reports.

Outcome analyses: total no. of episodes with symptoms age 0-3 years.

Due to illnesses based on parental reports.

Outcome analyses: total no. of absence days age 0-3 years.

Assessed by medical record checks including all radiologically verified fractures of larger long bones (i.e. clavicle, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, femur and humerus).

Outcome analyses: total no. of fractures age 0-3 years.

Monitored every 6 months until age 3 years by the parents using a registration form based on The Denver Development Index and WHO milestones registration.

Outcome analyses: combined assessment of age at achievement across milestones by principal component analysis.

From the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is a brief behavioral screening questionnaire.

Emotional symptoms: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome. Behavioral symptoms: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome. Hyperactivity/attention difficulties:range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Problems with children of the same age:range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Social strengths:range 0-10, a high score means better outcome. Impact on well-being and functioning: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: SDQ scores at age 3 years.

From parental reports every 6 months.

Outcome analyses: development of BMI age 0-3 years and current BMI at age 3.

From parental reports every 6 months.

Outcome analyses: development of waist circumference age 0-3 years and current waist circumference at age 3.

Defined similarly to the primary outcome

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of persistent wheeze or asthma at age 0-6 years

Defined similarly to the primary outcome and with symptoms and/or asthma medication use in the last 12 months at age 6.

Outcome analyses: Current wheeze or asthma (yes/no) by age 6 years.

Defined as in the primary outcome and current disease defined from parental reports of wheeze and/or asthma medication use.

Outcome analyses: Yearly prevalence of wheeze or asthma medication use (yes/no) 0-6 years.

Parental reports of physician diagnosed asthma in combination with eczema and/or allergic rhinitis.

Outcome analyses: Current asthma with/without eczema and/or allergic rhinitis (yes/no) by age 6 years. Each subtype is compared with children without asthma.

From redeemed medication prescriptions (inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers) based on medical record checks:

Outcome analyses: total no. of prescriptions age 0-6 years.

From redeemed inhaled bronchodilators based on medical record checks.

Outcome analyses: total no. of prescriptions age 0-6 years.

Based on medical record checks.

Outcome analyses: total no. of episodes age 0-6 years.

Based on parental reports of physician diagnosed eczema.

Outcome analyses: risk (survival analysis) of any eczema age 0-6 years and current eczema (yes/no) by age 6 years.

Based on parental reports of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis and on medical record checks.

Outcome analyses: allergic rhinitis (yes/no) by age 6 years.

Based on parental reports of physician-diagnosed food allergy.

Outcome analyses: any food allergy (yes/no) by age 6 years.

Based on parental reports of physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis or pneumonia.

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of first lower respiratory tract infection and total no. of lower respiratory tract infections age 0-6 years.

Based on parental reports.

Outcome analyses: risk (survival analysis) of any gastroenteritis episode and total no. of gastroenteritis episodes age 0-6 years.

Based on parental reports of physician diagnosed croup.

Outcome analysis: risk (survival analysis) of any croup episode and total no. of croup episodes age 0-6 years.

Assessed by medical record checks including all radiologically verified fractures of larger long bones (i.e. clavicle, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, femur and humerus).

Outcome analyses: total no. of fractures age 0-6 years.

From the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is a brief behavioral screening questionnaire.

Emotional symptoms: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome. Behavioral symptoms: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome. Hyperactivity/attention difficulties:range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Problems with children of the same age:range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Social strengths:range 0-10, a high score means better outcome. Impact on well-being and functioning: range 0-10, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: SDQ scores at age 6 years.

From the ADHD rating scale-IV preschool, a dimensional questionnaire for ADHD symptoms in preschool children.

For attention symptoms: range: 0-27, a low score means better outcome. For impulsivity-hyperactivity: range: 0-27, a low score means better outcome. For behavioral problems: range: 0-24, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: ADHD symptom scores at age 6 years.

From the Child Behavior Check List; a questionnaire for general screening of preschool psychopathology.

Total problem score: range 0-236, a low score means better outcome Internalizing problems score: range 0-64, a low score means better outcome Externalizing problems score: range 0-70, a low score means better outcome

Outcome analyses: Total syndrome scales at age 6 years.

From parental reports every 6 months.

Outcome analyses: development of BMI age 0-6 years and current BMI at age 6.

From parental reports every 6 months.

Outcome analyses: development of waist circumference age 0-6 years and current waist circumference at age 6.

From the ADHD rating scale-IV preschool, a dimensional questionnaire for ADHD symptoms in preschool children.

For inattentive score: range: 0-27, a low score means better outcome. For impulsivity-hyperactivity: range: 0-27, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: ADHD symptom scores at age 3 years.

From the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition; a questionnaire for screening for autistic traits:

Total score range: 0-195, a low score indicates better outcome.

Outcome analyses: Total problem scores at age 3 years.

From the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition; a questionnaire for screening for autistic traits.

Total score range: 0-195, low score indicates a better outcome.

Outcome analyses: Total problem scores at age 6 years.

From the Child Behavior Check List 1,5-5 years; a questionnaire for general screening of preschool psychopathology.

Total problem score: range 0-198, a low score means better outcome

Outcome analyses: Total syndrome scales at age 3 years.

Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3)is used to assess everyday, adaptive functioning.

Total score range: 0-645, a low score indicate poorer outcome.

Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3)is used to assess everyday, adaptive functioning.

Total score range: 0-633, a low score indicate poorer outcome.

From Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function in preschool children; a measurement of executive functions.

Total problem score: range 63-189, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: Index values at age 3 years.

From Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function in preschool children; a measurement of executive functions.

Total problem score: range 60-180, a low score means better outcome.

Outcome analyses: Index values at age 6 years.