Virtual Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Motivational Deficits in Schizophrenia

Motivational deficits have emerged as a critical determinant of functional disability in schizophrenia (SZ). Despite significant advances in our understanding and treatment of the illness, effective therapeutic strategies for motivational deficits have remained elusive. This has ultimately hindered our ability to promote recovery for individuals with SZ so that they can return to their premorbid level of functioning. An emerging therapeutic approach in SZ has utilized computerized remediation strategies, with recent efforts focused on cognitive deficits. To date, however, such a therapeutic strategy has not been developed for the critical motivational deficits in SZ. In light of the detrimental functional consequences of motivational deficits in SZ, there is a clear need for effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these motivational deficits experienced by affected individuals. To address this unmet therapeutic need, this pilot therapeutic trial will investigate the efficacy of a novel virtual reality-based motivation rehabilitation program in schizophrenia.

Inclusion criteria

• Between 18 and 35 years old;
• DSM-IV diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder;
• Outpatients on a stable dose of antipsychotic and other psychotropic medications for the preceding 4 weeks;
• Minimum Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) score of 34.

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of other DSM-IV Axis I disorders;
• History of active substance abuse or dependence in the past 6 months, with the exception of nicotine;
• History of neurological disease;
• History of head trauma with loss of consciousness >30 minutes
• Presence of significant akathisia (a rating of >2 on the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Global item); or
• Presence of significant extrapyramidal symptoms (a rating of >2 on >2 items of the Simpson Angus Rating Scale (SARS))
• Any MRI contraindications.