Virtual Reality vs. Music Relaxation for Reducing Anxiety and Pain During Breast Biopsies

Pre- and post-procedure anxiety will be measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The scale uses a four point Likert scale ranging from "not at all" to "very much so." The score range is from 20-80 with a higher score indicating more anxiety. The change in anxiety scores (pre- to post-procedure) will be compared across the three groups (VR, music relaxation, and control).

Pain will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the procedure. The scale is a subjective measure where individuals mark pain intensity on a 100mm line. typically from "no pain" (0) to "wort possible pain" (100). Higher score is worse. The change in pain scores (pre- to post-procedure) will be analyzed. The

Heart Rate Variability (RR intervals) may be recorded during the biopsy as an objective marker of anxiety and stress. This will be an optional measure and will require the patient to wear either a Polar H10 Heart Rate Sensor below the breast or a Heart Rate Sensor on the arm during the procedure.

For participants in the VR and music relaxation groups, a 5-point Likert scale will measure their satisfaction with the intervention. The "Intervention Satisfaction Question" asks "How satisfied were you with the intervention you received?", with 1 being "Not at all satisfied" and 5 being "Extremely satisfied". In this scale, a higher score means a better outcome. There is also the option for "I received no intervention."