Viewing Strategy Training in Children With (Cerebral) Visual Impairment

Inclusion criteria

typically developing children with normal vision:

• Age 5-12 years
• linear distant visual acuity of 0.1 logMAR or better
• Verbal IQ above 70
• Absence of developmental disorders or psychiatric problems like ASS or AD(H)D

Inclusion criteria

for children with ocular visual impairment:

• Age 5-12 years
• Children with linear distance visual acuity better <=1.3logMAR and >0.1 logMAR
• Intact central visual field (at least > 30 degrees)
• Children with a verbal IQ above 70
• Absence of developmental disorders or psychiatric problems like ASS or AD(H)D

Inclusion criteria

for children with cerebral visual impairment:

• Age 5-12 years
• Linear distance visual acuity <=0.3 logMAR
• Having the diagnosis CVI (verified by ophthalmologists)
• Children with a verbal IQ above 70
• Absence of psychiatric problems like ASS or AD(H)D

Additional inclusion criterion for study 2 (evaluating training effectiveness): children with (cerebral) visual impairment should have an indication for viewing strategy training. Training should not be indicated if children have no problems performing academic tasks (i.e. when speed and accuracy of visual processing is within the normal range). The age range for study 2 is 5-9 years.

Exclusion criteria

• Children with VI: linear near visual acuity >1.0 logMAR
• Children with visual field defect < 30 degrees
• Children with a verbal IQ below 70
• Children who attended a form of vision training in the past two years
• Children with psychiatric problems like ASS or AD(H)D
• Auditory impairment or language impairments
• Major life events during training