Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Racial-Ethnic Socialization Competency (VIP-RACE)

An adapted version of the Feasibility of Intervention Measure will obtain parents' feedback on the perceived feasibility of VIP-RACE. The Feasibility of Intervention Measure consists of five items scored on a 5-point Likert scale (e.g., "This program is easy to use") and demonstrates acceptable reliability. The measure will also include space for participants to provide open-ended feedback. The minimum value for this measure is 1 and the maximum value for this measure is 5, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

An adapted version of the Acceptability of Intervention Measure will obtain parents' feedback on the perceived acceptability of VIP-RACE. The Acceptability of Intervention Measure consists of five items scored on a 5-point Likert scale (e.g., "I like this program") and demonstrates acceptable reliability. The measure will also include space for participants to provide open-ended feedback on which aspects of VIP-RACE were the most and least useful. The minimum value for this measure is 1 and the maximum value for this measure is 5, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

A subgroup of parent participants (n=10-15) will complete semi-structured qualitative exit interviews to provide more in-depth feedback on their experience participating in the intervention. The interview will probe parents' views of the program, including what they found most and least useful, how the program helped them navigate RES conversations, barriers to participation, and suggestions for improving implementation in the future. The investigators will also include questions to explore variation in parents' RES practices, perceptions of program, and intervention impact based on youth and parent sex, and will also conduct semi-structured interviews with RES coaches to further assess feasibility and acceptability and guide refinements for a larger efficacy trial. The investigators will collect critical information that can be used in future trials, including barriers and facilitators to implementing the intervention and modifications that can be made to the program.

Participant attendance of VIP-RACE sessions will be tracked. VIP-RACE will be judged feasible if at least 75% of participants complete all three sessions of the program.

An adapted version of the Motivation to Change Scale will assess parent-reported parental motivation to engage in RES with their children (e.g., "How important is it for you to talk to your child about discrimination they may experience"). The minimum value for this measure is 1 and the maximum value for this measure is 6, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

The Racial Socialization Competency Scale will assess parent-reported parental RES competency. The measure comprises 28 items (e.g., "teach my child to resolve a negative racial encounter with their peers."), and for each item, parents are asked to rate their confidence ("I believe I can"), skills ("I am/would be prepared to"), and stress ("I am/would be stressed to"). Parents respond using a 5-point Likert scale, with the lowest endorsement corresponding to the least confident, prepared, and stressed. Subscales include RES confidence, RES skill, and RES stress. The measure has been validated with diverse racial-ethnic groups, including with Latino/a/x caregivers (validation paper under review). The minimum value for this measure is 1 and the maximum value for this measure is 5, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

The Ethnic-Racial Socialization Scale (minimum value 1, maximum value 5) and the Familial Ethnic Socialization Measure (minimum value 1, maximum value 5) will assess the frequency of parent- and youth-reported parental RES, specifically cultural socialization and preparation for bias messages. These measures have been adapted, validated, and utilized with diverse racial-ethnic groups since 1997 and 2001, respectively. Higher scores on both of these measures indicate better outcomes.

The Observational Paradigm for Ethnic-Racial Socialization will be used to assess the quality of parents' cultural socialization and preparation for bias messaging. Specifically, parents and youth will be videotaped engaging in conversations about topics such as discrimination. Interactions will be coded using the Observational Measure for Ethnic-Racial Socialization, the companion coding system to the Observational Paradigm for Ethnic-Racial Socialization observational paradigm. The Observational Measure for Ethnic-Racial Socialization uses macro rating, a method that requires observers to synthesize interactions and apply a global impression on a 9-point scale (minimum value 1, maximum value 9). It includes codes for cultural socialization and preparation for bias (discrimination awareness and racial-ethnic coping strategies). Higher scores on this measure indicate better outcomes.

The investigators will assess global aspects of parenting (e.g., positive, harsh parenting) as observed during videotaped dyadic discussions of topics such as discrimination.

The Discrimination Coping Strategies Scale will assess parent- and youth-reported youth strategies for coping with racial-ethnic discrimination. The 6-item scale (minimum value = 1, maximum value = 5) includes two subscales, proactive coping and secondary coping, and has been validated for use with Latino/a/x youth. Higher scores on this measure indicate better outcomes.

The Ethnic Identity Scale will assess youth-reported youth racial-ethnic identity. The 17-item scale (minimum value = 1, maximum value = 4) includes three subscales, exploration, resolution, and affirmation, and has been validated for use with Latino/a/x youth. Higher scores on the exploration and resolution subscales indicate better outcomes, while lower scores on the affirmation susbscale indicates better outcomes.

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale will assess parent- and youth- reported youth depressive and anxiety symptoms. The measure has been validated for use with children between 8 and 18 years of age. This measure has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 2, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire will assess parent- and youth- reported conduct problems. The Conduct Problems Scale will be used which includes items about rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. The maximum value for this measure is 2 and the minimum value is 0, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.