Verbal Working Memory and Attention Remediation for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Primary outcomes

1. Change in participants' logical memory after participating in BrainHQ training

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   This will be measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV), Logical Memory subtest which is a measure of a person's ability to recall a story told to them.

2. Change in participants' verbal working memory after participating BrainHQ training

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   This will be measured by the Auditory Consonant Trigram (ACT), the ACT is a standard assessment measure used to evaluate working memory, attention, and cognitive interference.

3. Change in participants' working memory after participating in BrainHQ training

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   This will be measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV), Digit Span subtest which is a measure of working memory in which the person maintains their attention to the list of spoken numbers and ask to recall and state the list of numbers.

4. Participants' vocabulary after participating in BrainHQ training

   Time frame: baseline

   This will be measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, Vocabulary subtest which measure the ability to define specific words.

5. Participants' ability to recall information

   Time frame: baseline

   This will be measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, Information subtest which assesses the ability to recall general knowledge and acquired facts on different topics related to science, geography, and history.

6. Participants' abstract reasoning

   Time frame: baseline

   Measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, Matrix Reasoning subtest which is a measure of abstract reasoning of visually presented stimuli.

7. Change in participants' level of reading

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   This will be measured by Test of Premorbid Functioning which is a measure that reliably estimates levels of intelligence by asking the subject to read aloud the words on an established reading list.

8. Changes in the participants' processing speed

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   This will be measured by Digit Symbol Modality Test which is a is a standard assessment measure used to measure processing speed, working memory, attention, and executive functioning. The standardized oral version will be administered.

9. Change in participants' verbal memory

   Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

   Measured by California Verbal Learning Test - II (CVLT). This test is a measure of verbal memory. A list of words is read aloud to the participants five times. After each list of words, the participant recalls the words. The participants will also be asked to recall the words from the list 20 minutes later.

10. Change in participants ability to assess auditory information

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    This will be assessed with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) - 3 & 2 second versions which measures complex mental manipulation by adding the two most recent numbers that are presented auditorily. There are two sets of numbers that are presented at two different speeds. The PASAT is a measure of cognitive function that assesses auditory information processing speed and flexibility, as well as calculation ability.

11. Change in participants' verbal attention.

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Will be assessed with the Woodcock-Johnson - Understanding Directions subtest which is a measure of verbal attention. Participant are provided oral directions to point to different parts of pictures.

12. Change in participants' attention and verbal memory

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Actual Reality Performance test is a measure of attention and verbal memory, which requires the participants to follow directions and sequence steps of computerized task.

13. Changes to participants' ability to understand social cues

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT)- Short version: is a standard measure to recognize emotions and a speaker's intentions presented in a vignette.

14. Change in participants' sense of depression

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    This will be self reported using the Beck's Depression Inventory - II. This is a standardized instrument for the assessment of depression with a self-report questionnaire.

15. Change in participants' sense of anxiety

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Measured by self reports with the Beck's Anxiety Inventory which is a self-report instrument for the assessment of anxiety.

16. Changes to participants' mental status

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Will be measured using the Lifetime Experience Questionnaire, \\ a questionnaire to determine current and past mental.

17. Changes in participants' daily living

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    The Functional Behavior Profile Questionnaire will be used to measure daily living status. This is a standardized questionnaire regarding activities of daily living, executive functioning, participation, problems solving and social relationships.

18. Changes in the pattern of participants social lifestyle

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    This may be assessed with the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective Questionnaire: A standardized questionnaire about social participation.

19. Changes in the participants' overall status

    Time frame: baseline, 1 week post training, 4 weeks post training

    Will be gauged by using the Promis Global Health Questionnaire. This is a standardized questionnaire that evaluates physical, mental and social health deficits common in people with brain injuries.