Variation in Gingival Inflammatory Responses

This study will employ the split-mouth Experimental Gingivitis model where healthy study participants are asked to abstain from oral hygiene on a select set of teeth (test teeth) for a period of 21 days. The study consists of 3 phases; Hygiene Phase (Day -14-0), Experimental Induction Phase (Day 0-21), and Resolution Phase (Day 21-35). Abstaining from oral hygiene on the test teeth will result in the natural accumulation and maturation of dental plaque (a bacterial biofilm) on the tooth surface which will in induce a host inflammatory response. By investigating the onset of microbially induced inflammation directly in humans using this highly utilized and well-described experimental gingivitis model, the research community are able to better understand the host-microbial interactions during the initiation, induction of host response, and resolution of mucosal inflammation at the molecular level. The investigators central hypothesis is based on our previous experimental gingivitis studies conducted here at the University of Washington Bamashmous et al. Human Variation in Gingival Inflammation PNAS 2021 and NCT03750955. The investigators hypothesize that specific clinical inflammatory response phenotypes (High, Low and Slow responders) are dependent upon both microbial factors regulating the subgingival plaque growth and maturation rate as well as host factors regulating the human gingival inflammatory mediator levels and type.

Inclusion criteria

• Provide signed and dated informed consent form
• Willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study
• Male or female, aged 18-35 years
• Good general health, ASA I (healthy with no systemic conditions)
• No clinical signs of gingival inflammation at > 90% of sites observed (whole mouth) (< 10% of sites with GI of < 2 and no sites with a score of 3; < 10% sites with BOP +).
• Probing depth (PD) ≤ 3.0 mm (Whole Mouth)
• Attachment loss (AL) = 0 mm (Whole Mouth)
• Gingival health at Visit 2 (Day 0) for study sites (Test/Control teeth): Average Gingival Index (GI) ≤ 0.1 with no site having a score of 3 and bleeding on probing (BOP)(-)
• Never smokers
• The ability to understand and communicate with the examiner.
• Willing and able to comply with study procedures.

Exclusion criteria

• Medical condition which requires premedication prior to dental treatments/visits
• Subjects unable or unwilling to sign the informed consent form
• History of periodontal disease
• History of systemic inflammatory or immune conditions, Diabetes
• Use of antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drugs within 30 days of enrollment
• Self-reported pregnancy, planned pregnancy during the planned study commitment, and/or breastfeeding at the time of screening.
• Concurrent orthodontic treatment
• Untreated carious lesions and/or inadequate restorations on maxillary posterior teeth
• Participation in any other clinical study or test panel within 1 week prior to enrollment into this study
• Use of tobacco products
• Subjects who must receive dental treatment during the study dates
• Orthodontic bands, appliances, or crowns and bridges, or removable partial dentures affecting the maxillary posterior teeth
• Missing tooth/teeth within the study sites test and control
• History of allergy to common dentifrice ingredients
• Immune-compromised individuals (for example: HIV, AIDS, and immune-suppressive drug therapy)