Breast fibroadenomas are commonly seen among women worldwide, with the incidence having increased over the past few decades. The breast fibroadenoma arise due to proliferation of ductal or lobular tissue, and their treatment is controversial. Small asymptomatic breast lesions generally do not require treatment, and some surgeons tend to favor conservative management of breast fibroadenoma with regular follow-up, which should be accompanied by auxiliary examination (i.e., ultrasound and/or mammography and pathological assessment) every 3-6 months in order to dynamically monitor the status of breast lesions. However, some patients with large-sized breast fibroadenomas suffering from pain or anxiety are not satisfied with the conservative management approach and seek for treatment. Thus, it is necessary to excise part of the breast fibroadenoma according to therapeutic options that depend on different presenting situations Surgical resection is the most effective treatment option for patients suffering from breast lesions, although it is an invasive procedure. The patients much prefer a better cosmetic outcome and fewer surgically associated complications, which are commonly associated with minimally invasive procedures. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is a new minimally invasive treatment technology used in breast fibroadenoma and has emerged as a hot topic of clinical exploration in recent years. MWA has already shown promising results in treating liver carcinoma and pulmonary tumors, and in the settings of adrenal and renal malignancies Currently, in relation to benign lesions, MWA is considered a promising treatment option for patients with benign thyroid nodules given its advantage of being minimally invasive, scar-free, and relatively safe, and is associated with fewer post-operative complications.
To the best of our knowledge, MWA, as a thermal ablation technique, is increasingly being accepted by surgeons and clearly needs to be evaluated
