Validation of Schema Scale of Mental Health Service

Primary outcomes

1. Schema Scale

   Time frame: Baseline

   A 35-item questionnaire developed by 40FY for identifying 5-types of maladaptive schema types. The questionnaire consists of 5-point Likert scale. The Schema Scale was developed based on schema theory and other psychodynamic theories. The scale was developed by a certified psychiatrist and 3 clinical psychologists. A higher score for each factor means that the individual has more severe maladaptive psychological schemas.

2. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

   Time frame: Baseline

   The PSS is a 10-item scale that measures the perceived stress on a 5-point severity with higher scores indicating more severe perceived stress.

3. Self-Efficacy Stress (SES)

   Time frame: Baseline

   The SES is a 23-item scale that assesses the individuals self-efficacy on a 5-point likert scale. Higher scores indicate higher level of self-efficacy.

4. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

   Time frame: Baseline

   The CES-D is a 20-item questionnaire that measures depressive symptoms on a 4-point likert scale.

5. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

   Time frame: Baseline

   The STAI is a 40-item inventory that measures state and trait anxiety. Higher score means higher anxiety.

6. UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS)

   Time frame: Baseline

   A 20-item scale to measure subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation on a 4-point likert scale.

7. Short form of the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale (KIIP-SC)

   Time frame: Baseline

   A 40-item scale to assess interpersonal problems on a 5-point likert scale.

8. Diagnostic Test for Personality Disorders - Dependent subscale (DTPD-D)

   Time frame: Baseline

   A 15-item scale to assess dependent personality disorder traits on a 4-point likert scale.

9. Strait-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)

   Time frame: Baseline

   The STAXI is a psychometric assessment that measures state anger, trait anger, and anger expression by 44 items on a 4-point likert scale.

10. UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale

    Time frame: Baseline

    The scale is composed of 59 items on a 4-point likert scale assessing five factors of impulsivity including negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency.

11. Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    The HMPS is a 45-item measure with three trait subscales measuring self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism.

12. State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES)

    Time frame: Baseline

    A 20-item scale on a 5-point likert scale assessing 3 facets of self-esteem: appearance, performance, and social.

13. Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    The RSQ assesses anxious expectations regarding rejection with 18 hypothetical social situations on a 6-point likert scale.

14. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    A 21-item self-inventory on a 4-point likert scale measuring common somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety.

15. Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Short Form (IUS-12)

    Time frame: Baseline

    A 12-item questionnaire measures responses to uncertain and ambiguous situations that participants rate on a 5-point scale.

16. Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    The PSWQ is a 16-item self-report questionnaire on a 5-point likert scale designed to measure the trait of worry in adults