Utilizing Carbon Dioxide for Assessing Coronary Blood Flow in Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease

The purpose of this study is to noninvasively assess changes in the heart's blood flow through inducing changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in the participant's blood and having them breathe various combinations of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults > 18 years of age
• Clinically stable individuals with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD)
• The SPECT/PET study indicates at least a mild to moderate myocardial ischemia (>5-9%) or fractional-flow-reserve (FFR) of <0.75.

Exclusion criteria

• Prior myocardial infarction by clinical history (subjects with prior coronary revascularization without myocardial infarction will not be excluded)
• Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg)
• Significant non-coronary cardiac disease (e.g., valvular abnormality, or cardiomyopathy, etc.)
• Inability to schedule the research study within 30 days of the SPECT/PET study and prior to any coronary revascularization procedure
• Inability to voluntarily increase their breathing rate if prompted to do so
• Persons with mechanically, magnetically, or electrically activated implants (such as cardiac pacemakers, neurostimulators, and infusion pumps), with ferromagnetic implants or foreign bodies (such as intracranial, aneurysm clips, shrapnel, and intraocular metal chips)
• Persons who are pregnant, nursing, or implanted with intrauterine devices (IUD's)
• Persons with a history of significant heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease
• Persons with asthma
• Persons who have abnormal cardiac rhythm and rate
• Persons unable to tolerate MRI secondary to an inability to lie supine for 60-90 minutes or severe claustrophobia
• Persons whose renal function test does not meet MRI contrast protocol requirements [estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 40 mL/min/1.73m2]
• Persons with a known history of allergy to gadolinium-based contrast
• Enrollment in another research study.
• Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent