Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT03711292

Using Behavioral Science to Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Acute Care Settings

Stepped wedge behavioral intervention clinical trial looking at the impact of an antibiotic stewardship intervention on provider prescribing behavior for acute respiratory infections (ARIs), where the intervention is administered at the emergency department or urgent care center site level, using a cluster randomization process. Thus, every site and every provider are eligible to be exposed to the stewardship intervention, the cluster randomized stepped wedge process simply randomizes when they will be exposed. The overall study hypothesis is that providers will prescribe fewer unnecessary antibiotics to patients with ARIs after the intervention.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Antimicrobial Stewardship Acute Bronchitis Bronchial Diseases Bronchitis Disease Attributes Emergencies Infections Lung Diseases Lung Diseases, Obstructive Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections Upper Respiratory Infection

Age range

21 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Department of Health Services

Los Angeles, California, 90012, United States

About this study

Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis is that acute care ambulatory settings randomized to receive behavioral economic stewardship interventions will have decreased antibiotic prescribing rates for non-antibiotic appropriate ARIs, compared to contemporaneous antibiotic prescribing rates for non-antibiotic appropriate ARIs among control practices. This hypothesis will be evaluated in a linear mixed effects model will be used to estimate and test the group effect using group and time as fixed effects and practice site and provider as random effects. The interaction between time and group will be included to estimate and test the different group effect over time.

Design: The investigators will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial of acute care ambulatory visits to emergency departments and urgent care centers in a predominantly non-academic public hospital system. Clustering (by site) helps prevent treatment contamination between individual clinicians within the same site. The stepped wedge design will allow studying the effects of a complex intervention rolled out through a system over time, as often happens in the real-world, where State and Federal public health as well as site-based organization quality improvement interventions may be occurring at different times.

Treatment Assignment Procedures: For the 12-month intervention period, in a stepped-wedge fashion, sites will be exposed to a site-adapted multifaceted stewardship intervention consistent with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: commitment, action, monitoring, reporting and education, and also included a behavioral component that used individualized audit and feedback, peer comparison, and public commitment, in addition to standard patient and clinician education on antibiotic prescribing for antibiotic nonresponsive ARIs.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

The primary research subjects involved in this trial are prescribing providers who will be recruited from multiple clinical sites in Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.

Eligibility (provider)

Inclusion criteria

  • Prescribing provider in an adult emergency department or urgent care center in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.

Exclusion criteria

  • Provider has not treated a patient with an ARI

Eligibility (patient)

Inclusion criteria

  • Treated at a Los Angeles County Department of Health Services facility with an ARI diagnosis
  • Cared for by a provider and in practice site enrolled in the study
  • Visit occurred during the 12-month intervention period, or the 12-month historical baseline period
  • Did not have a visit with any ARI diagnosis in the prior 30 days

Exclusion criteria

  • None

Treatment and study plan

Antibiotic Stewardship

Behavioral

For the 12-month intervention period, in a stepped-wedge fashion, sites will be exposed to a site-adapted multifaceted stewardship intervention consistent with CDC core elements for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: commitment, action, monitoring, reporting and education, and also included a behavioral component that used individualized audit and feedback, peer comparison, and public commitment, in addition to standard patient and clinician education on antibiotic prescribing for antibiotic nonresponsive ARIs.

Primary outcomes

  1. Antibiotic prescribing

    Time frame: 12 months

    The primary outcome measure is the rate of antibiotic prescribing for non-antibiotic-appropriate acute respiratory infections or in other words, acute respiratory infections that are presumed to be viral in nature. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes for primary outcomes are defined in detail in the clinical trials protocol document. These outcomes are computable clinical quality measures from the electronic health record. These are widely used in medicine to evaluate quality improvement and reliability and validity are generally supported.

    Visits are excluded from the primary analysis when: 1) patients have certain medical co-morbidities that make ARI guidelines less likely to apply, 2) patients had concomitant visit diagnoses indicating a non-ARI possible bacterial infection, or 3) patients had concomitant visit diagnoses indicating potentially antibiotic appropriate ARI diagnoses or other ARI diagnoses suggestive of a bacterial infection.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Diagnostic drift

    Time frame: 12 months

    Throughout the course of the study, the investigators will also be monitoring "diagnostic drift" that may result in provider shifting diagnosis to avoid guideline conflicts that might trigger poor performance reports. An auditing program will measure diagnostic deviation from each clinician's historical rates of diagnosing acute respiratory infections.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Other

Collaborators

  • Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
  • University of California, Los Angeles

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2018
Primary completion
2021
Study completion
2021
First posted
Oct 18, 2018
Registry last updated
Jan 23, 2023

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.