Use of Circadian Reset Technology to Alter REM Sleep and Appetitive Control in Patients With Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating frequency measured by Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The EDE-Q scores behavioral features of eating disorders by calculating the number of episodes and number of days on which the behavior occurs. The total number of bulimic episodes will be measured to determine binge-eating frequency. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month.

The EDE-Q is a 28-item self-report measure assessing eating disorder symptoms. Full scale from 0-6, with higher score indicates greater severity of eating disorder symptoms.

Sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a 19-item assessment that measures sleep quality with questions about duration, latency, frequency/severity of sleep issues. Items are answered on a scale of 0-3. The final score is a total of all questions ranging from 0 to 21 with lower score indicating worse sleep quality and higher score indicating better sleep quality. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month.

Appetite regulation (restrained eating, disinhibited eating, and predisposition to hunger) measured by Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) assesses appetite using 51 questions summarized in 3 subscales: cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Each item is scored as 0 or 1 and then summed. Subscales Cognitive restraint of eating score 0-21, Disinhibition score 0-16, and Hunger score 0-14. Full scale scored 0-51, higher scores indicate higher levels of restrained eating. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month.

Change in Brain functional connectivity as measured by default mode network - This test measures the pattern of connectivity in the default mode network during rest. Strength of connectivity default mode network (DMN) will estimated at the network level and between individual nodes.

Food-based impulsivity measured by Eating Loss of Control Scale (ELOCS) measures the degree to which eating episodes included the feeling of loss of control measured continuously over the prior 4-weeks. There are 18 items scored on 0-10 scale from "not at all" to "Extremely/Completely". For total score, severity questions are averaged to get a mean severity score ranging between 0-10. Higher scores indicate more loss of control. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month. Baseline to 1-month

Food-based cravings (Trait) measure by Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) is 39 items on a scale of 1 (never/NA) to 6 (always) with a total summed score ranging from 39 to 234 with higher scores indicating more frequent and intense food cravings. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month.

Food-based cravings (State) measured by Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) has 15 items on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with a total summed score ranging from 15 to 75 with higher scores indicating more intense food cravings. Scores will be calculated between baseline and 1 month.

Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) includes 42 questions that assess negative mood using subscales of depression, anxiety, and stress. Each subscale is scored 0-42, with total score from 0-126, higher score indicates poorer health outcomes.

The depression scale scores are 0-9 (Normal), 10-13 (Mild), 14-20 (Moderate), 21-27 (Severe), and 28+ (Extremely Severe).

The anxiety scale scores are 0-7 (Normal), 8-9 (Mild), 10-14 (Moderate), 15-19 (Severe), and 20+ (Extremely Severe).

The stress scale scores are 0-14 (Normal), 15-18 (Mild), 19-25 (Moderate), 26-33 (Severe), and 34+ is (Extremely Severe).