Urinary Infection and Colonization in Bone Procedures

Signs and symptoms include dysuria, frequency, urgency, or/and fever or/and smelling urine and non-specific signs (nausea, malaise)

Positive urine dipstict test (i.e. nitrate-reductace and leukocyte esterase detection).

Positive result in chemical examination of the urine and the sediment for the possibility of infection s: pH ≥ 6.

Detection of proteinuria with urine dipstick test.

Positive result t is leukocyturia (detection of leucocyte esteras) in a dipstick test.

Pyuria, which is the presence of white blood cells in the urine, will detected through these methods: Postive urine dipstick test - showing leukocyte esterase or nitrites.

And additionally have to present: discoloration, clouding or change in the smell of urine for a pyuria

Presence of bacteriuria (presence of bacteria in the urine). Can be detected through urine dipstick test (determination of presence of leukocyte esterase and nitrites, which are indicators of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine)

Presence of bacteriuria (presence of bacteria in the urine). Can be detected through through flow cytometry (this method detects bacteria in urinary samples in the range from 40 up to 1000/μl),

Presence of bacteriuria (presence of bacteria in the urine). Can be detected through urine culture (bacteria grow from a urine sample, cutoff is for a significant bacterial count is typically greater than 100,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per mililiter).

Detection of proteinuria with the sulfosalicylic acid test in laboratory.

A semiquantitative scale is used for evaluation:

• Opalescence - approximate concentration of protein in g/l: 0,05-0,1
• Slight turbidity (transparent, underlying text can be read - approximate concentration of protein in g/l: 0,1-0,2
• Milky turbidity (opaque, without flakes) - approximate concentration of protein in g/l: 0,5-1,0
• Milky turbidity with flake formation: approximate concentration of protein in g/l: 2,0-5,0
• Flocculent precipitate: approximate concentration of protein in g/l ≥ 5,0

Positive result is finding in the in sediment more than 10 leukocytes per field of view.

Pyuria, which is the presence of white blood cells in the urine, will detected through these methods: Microscopy - cell counts performer by microscopy, positive finding is more than 10 leukocytes per field of view.

And additionally have to present: discoloration, clouding or change in the smell of urine for a pyuria.

Midstream clean catch urine specimen will be needed. Two consecutive specimens with isolation of the same bacteria species with at least 100,000 colony-forming units (CFUs) per ml of urine.

Midstream clean catch urine specimen will be needed. For men, a single specimen with isolation of one bacteria species with at least 100,000 CFUs per ml of urine.

For women or men, a single specimen with isolation of one bacteria species with at least 100 CFUs per ml of urine.

Preoperative antibiotic use will be recorded. Options yes, no. If yes, the type of antibiotic used will be recorded.

Fever is defined as a body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius

Presence of hypotension, MAP below 70 mm Hg

Presence of infection and origin of the infection in laboratory findings and in clinical picture.

Presence of sepsis and origin of the infection in laboratory findings and in clinical picture.

Presence of postoperative delirium. To determine the diagnose CAM-ICU will be used.

Administered antibiotic treatment and its duration

The CFS is a nine-point scale based on clinical evaluation of mobility, energy, physical activity, and function.

Clinical Frailty Scale Components: 1. Very fit, 2. Well, 3. Managing Well:, 4. Living With Very Mild Frailty, 5. Living with Mild Frailty: 6. Living With Moderate Frailty, 6. Living With Severe Frailty, 8. Living with Very Severe Frailty, 9. Terminally Ill

Preoperatively, it will be assessed whether the patient received antibiotic treatment for a urinary tract infection prior to surgery. The result will be recorded as yes or no.