UPTAKE: Using Personalized Risk and Digital Tools to Guide Transitions Following Acute Kidney Events

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and associated with poor long-term outcomes including kidney failure, cardiovascular (CV) events, and death, with highest risk in older adults. The transition of hospitalized patients with AKI to home is challenging, with many care gaps. Identifying those at highest risk of adverse post-discharge outcomes and delivering interventions to reduce the risk of progressive kidney and CV disease via appropriate, acceptable, and efficient intervention strategies are needed. Our team has developed and externally validated a risk prediction model for hospitalized adults with AKI, which can estimate the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease (eGFR<30mL/min/1.73m2 or kidney failure). The investigators used this risk model to guide follow-up in a pilot trial for AKI survivors within Alberta (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02915575). The investigators have found that a risk-guided strategy to follow-up is a feasible approach to close gaps in care; however, larger studies are required to evaluate broader implementation, and impact on patient-centered outcomes, costs, and sustainability in a real-world setting. Alberta Health Services (AHS) has implemented a new province-wide clinical information system which provides a unique opportunity to use digital health technology to design and evaluate a risk-guided hospital-to-home transition of care intervention that builds upon previous work.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:

• To co-develop a risk-guided intervention with patients, clinicians, and health system decision-makers to improve personalized transitions of care between hospital and home for survivors of AKI. The investigators will use a participatory research approach that engages patients and care providers to co-design an evidence-guided, experience-based intervention for AKI transitions in care. Qualitative methods will be used to identify and prioritize transition interventions aligned with patient risk of adverse post-discharge outcomes.
• To a) identify key service delivery supports required to integrate the AKI hospital to home transition of care intervention and b) establish usability and acceptability of the intervention within the electronic health record. With the support of the AHS and existing hospital to home transition initiatives, the investigators will work with key health system partners to integrate developed AKI transition of care intervention within the EHR. The investigators will use a mixed methods approach to identify barriers and enablers to implementation and establish usability and acceptability of the intervention.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a pragmatic clinical trial that will measure implementation success and impact on patient experience, outcomes, and costs. Using the EHR, hospitalized adults with AKI at increased risk of adverse long-term outcomes will be randomized to the risk-guided transition intervention or usual care. The risk-guided arm will receive the interventions identified in Objective 1 tailored based on their clinical profile and risk of CKD from the prediction model. The primary outcome of the trial is the two-year risk of a composite of death, kidney failure, or major CV event. 6,046 patients are required to detect a 15% relative risk reduction of the primary outcome, with 90% power. Effects on patient experience, processes of care, implementation, and costs will also be evaluated.

Inclusion criteria

(all of)

• Age ≥ 18 years old
• Hospitalized at site using AHS EHR
• Acute Kidney Injury (Stage 1-3) identified in hospital per KDIGO guideline criteria

Exclusion criteria

(any of)

• Pre-hospitalization advanced CKD: eGFR<30 mL/min/1.73m2
• Pre-hospitalization dialysis
• Very low risk (<1% risk) of advanced CKD
• Non-Alberta resident
• Palliative goals of care
• Enrolled in the UPTAKE VC Trial
• Admitted under a nephrologist at time of discharge
• Dialysis on at least 2 days in the last week prior to discharge
• Receiving apheresis
• Kidney transplant recipient
• Kidney transplant donor
• Diagnosis of Glomerulonephritis
• Cirrhosis AND complication of cirrhosis in medical history or active problem list (ascites, varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome)