Understanding Acute Dietary Changes After GLP-1 Agonist Treatment: The GLaD Feasibility Study

The rate of recruitment and the retention rate of participants completing the dietary assessment measures.

Assessed using Intake24 records for at least 2 days per timepoint

Incidence of self-reported side effects

Dosage

Qualitative interview after end of the observation period

Proportion of carbohdyrate, fat, protein, alcohol and fibre intake assessed through dietary records

Assessed using Healthy Eating Index for Australian adults (HEIFA) from diet records (Intake24)

Daily eating window and meal timing

Timing of medication use

Assessed using adaptive visual analogue scales with appetite questions as per Flint et al 2020 and used by Ravussin et al 2025, scored between 0 to 100, with a higher score meaning higher appetite ratings

Assessed using Treatment Self-regulation Questionnaire, 15 questions which are scored between 1 (not at all) and 7 (completely true) in response to questions

Assessed using Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ), a 21 questionnaire survey with a 0-100 scale where higher responses indicate higher severity of food cravings.

Assessed using Weight Bias Internalisation Scale-Modified (WBIS-M), which includes 11 questions that are answered on a 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) scale, noting that 2 questions are reverse scored.

Assessed using Intuitive Eating Scale 3 (IES-3), including 12 questions with options from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) where the higher total score indicates higher intuitive eating (Tykla et al, Appetite, 2024)

Assessed using Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, where 36 questions are asked regarding the previous 4 weeks. Questions are given a score between 0 to 100 depending, and the overall score is the average of all questions.

Quality of life assessed using WHO-5 well being index, including 5 questions scored from 0 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time), where a higher total score indicates better quality of life.

Assessed using Binge eating scale, which includes 16 questions. The total score ranges from 0 to 46, with higher scores correlating with more frequent and severe binge eating behaviours.

Assessed using Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) 6.0, using 28 questions which are scored on 4 sub-scales and a global score is generated as an average of the 4 sub-scales. A higher score indicates greater disordered eating behaviours.

Assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long), which is 27 questions which asks duration (minutes) and frequency (days) of physical activity measured in domains of: 1) Job-related; 2) Transportation; 3) Housework, house maintenance, caring for family; 4) Recreation, sport, and leisure-time; and 5) Time spent sitting. An overall score is calculated using responses to all questions, where a higher score equates to greater physical activity.

Assessed using Australian Eating Survey Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), which has 120-item with 15 supplementary questions. The FFQ is designed to collect information about dietary intake over the participants previous 3 months.

Proportion of micronutrient intake (i.e. including but not limited to sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins, etc) assessed through dietary records