Ultrasound-Guided Versus Anatomically Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasticity in Adults in Tanta University Hospitals

The range of movement regarding forearm pronation, thumb flexion, ankle inversion and fingers flexion according to modified Ashworth scale (MAS): score zero indicate no increase in tone, score 1 indicate slight increase in tone, catch or release at end range of motion (ROM), score 1 + indicate a slight increase in tone catch, release, resistance through rest ROM (1/2 ROM), score 2 indicate more marked increase in tone through ROM but affected part moved easily, score 3 indicate a considerable increase in tone, passive movement difficult, score 4 indicate affected part in rigid flexion and extension. It was assessed after three and six months.

Patients' quality of life (QOL) was assessed before and after intervention with the World Health Organization (WHO)-QOL scale). The WHOQOL is a 26-item instrument consisting of four domains: physical health (7 items), psychological health (6 items), social relationships (3 items), and environmental health (8 items); it also contains QOL and general health items. Each individual item of the WHOQOL-BREF is scored from 1 to 5 on a response scale, which is stipulated as a five-point ordinal scale. The scores are then transformed linearly to a 0-100 scale.