Two Post-Operative Pain Protocols at Discharge for Orthopaedic Patients

This is a single-center pilot RCT of at least 100 participants (20 participants from each subspecialty including trauma, arthroplasty, foot and ankle, spine, and sports) who undergo major orthopaedic surgery. Eligible and consenting patients will be randomized to either a discharge pain medication prescription without opioids or a usual care discharge pain medication (with opioids). The overarching objective of the pilot study is to inform the design and feasibility of the definitive RCT. For this pilot trial the investigators will measure feasibility against traffic light criteria based on enrollment metrics, treatment allocation adherence, and on data collection. Furthermore, this pilot RCT will compare the effectiveness of discharge pain medication without opioids to usual care discharge pain medication (with opioids) on opioid use and pain interference for patients who have undergone major orthopaedic surgery.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients 18 years of age or older
• Underwent a major operative orthopaedic procedure

Exclusion criteria

• Contraindication for NSAIDs.
• Preoperative chronic opioid use (preoperative use of >14 days and average of >30 Morphine Milligram Equivalents per day).
• Active treatment for opioid use disorder.
• Previous or current illicit drug use.
• Major surgery for pathologic (cancer-related) condition.
• Hand surgery.
• Concurrent operative treatment by another specialty team.
• Discharged to an extended medical care facility.
• Incarceration.
• Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 weeks.
• Expected injury survival of less than 6 weeks.
• Terminal illness with expected survival of less than 6 weeks.
• Anticipated problems, in the judgment of research personnel, with maintaining follow-up with the patient.
• Currently enrolled in a trial that does not permit co-enrollment.
• Prior enrollment in the trial.
• Unable to obtain informed consent.
• Non-English speaking
• Eligible patient was not approached prior to hospital discharge (missed participant).
• Did not provide informed consent (declined participation).
• Other reason to exclude the patient, as approved by the Principal Investigator