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NCT Number: NCT07351617

Turkish Version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire

Pain-related thoughts and beliefs play an important role in how individuals experience and cope with chronic pain. Metacognitions about pain, such as beliefs about the uncontrollability or harmfulness of pain-related thoughts, may influence emotional distress and pain-related outcomes. The Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire was developed to assess these beliefs; however, a validated Turkish version is not currently available. The aim of this study is to translate the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. This observational study will include adult individuals experiencing chronic pain for at least three months. Data will be collected using self-report questionnaires administered in a single assessment session. The findings of this study are expected to provide a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing pain-related metacognitions in Turkish-speaking populations and to support future clinical and research applications in chronic pain management.

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Key information

Conditions

Chronic Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pain Metacognitions Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

About this study

Chronic pain is a complex condition influenced not only by biological factors but also by cognitive and emotional processes. Metacognitions, defined as beliefs about one's own thoughts, have been shown to play a significant role in the persistence and management of chronic pain. The Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire was developed to assess pain-related metacognitive beliefs, including perceptions about the uncontrollability, danger, and usefulness of pain-related thoughts. Despite its growing use in research, a validated Turkish version of this questionnaire is currently lacking.

This study is designed as an observational, cross-sectional investigation aiming to translate the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The translation process will follow standard forward-backward translation procedures to ensure linguistic and conceptual equivalence. Content validity will be evaluated by expert review.

Participants will be adults aged 18 years and older who have experienced chronic non-cancer pain for at least three months. After providing informed consent, participants will complete the Turkish version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire along with additional validated self-report measures assessing pain-related and psychological constructs. Data collection will be conducted through face-to-face or online survey methods, and all assessments will be completed at a single time point.

Psychometric analyses will include evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and factor structure. Correlational analyses will be used to examine relationships between pain metacognitions and related psychological variables. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the assessment of cognitive processes in chronic pain and to provide a valid and reliable instrument for use in Turkish clinical and research settings.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged 18 years and older
  • Experiencing chronic non-cancer pain for at least three months
  • Ability to read and understand Turkish
  • Voluntary participation and provision of informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Presence of cancer-related pain
  • Severe cognitive impairment preventing completion of questionnaires
  • Incomplete or incorrectly completed questionnaires

Treatment and study plan

No intervention (observational study)

Other

This is an observational study. No intervention is administered. Data are collected using self-report questionnaires only.

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Metacognitions Score

    Time frame: At enrollment (single assessment)

    Pain metacognitions will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates metacognitive beliefs related to pain, including beliefs about the uncontrollability, danger, and usefulness of pain-related thoughts. Higher scores indicate more maladaptive pain-related metacognitions.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pain Intensity

    Time frame: At enrollment (single assessment)

    Pain intensity will be measured using a numerical rating scale as part of the Brief Pain Inventory, where higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.

  2. Pain Interference

    Time frame: At enrollment (single assessment)

    Pain interference will be assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory, evaluating the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities and functioning. Higher scores indicate greater pain-related interference.

  3. Pain Catastrophizing

    Time frame: At enrollment (single assessment)

    Pain catastrophizing will be measured using a validated self-report questionnaire assessing rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Higher scores indicate greater levels of pain catastrophizing.

  4. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

    Time frame: At enrollment (single assessment)

    Symptoms of anxiety and depression will be evaluated using a validated self-report scale. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Müzeyyen Öz, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905368213404

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Other

Collaborators

  • Çankırı Karatekin University

Registry information

Official study title

Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jan 20, 2026
Registry last updated
Jan 20, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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