Triglycerides Glucose Index on Angiographic Profiling of Non-Diabetic Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Premature coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as CAD occurring before the age of 55 in men and 65 in women, has emerged as a growing health concern worldwide.

Insulin resistance and associated metabolic alterations are strongly implicated in premature atherosclerosis. Even in non-diabetic individuals, subclinical insulin resistance promotes endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation, leading to early vascular damage.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, calculated using fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, has emerged as a cost-effective surrogate marker for insulin resistance.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥18 years old.
• Both sexes.
• Non-diabetic patients [no history of diabetes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) < 6.5%, fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL].
• Confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary angiography.

Exclusion criteria

• Known diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2).
• Previous history of coronary revascularization.
• Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction [alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 5× upper limit of normal (ULN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²].
• Malignant disease, autoimmune disease, or systemic inflammatory disorders.
• Current use of triglyceride-lowering medications.