Triglyceride-Glucose and TGI-BMI Indices Compared With HOMA-IR

Insulin resistance (IR) is a central feature of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, yet the routine measurement of fasting insulin required for HOMA-IR limits its clinical applicability. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) and its body mass index-adjusted form (TGI-BMI) have emerged as simple, cost-effective surrogates that rely only on standard biochemical data.

This retrospective study analyzed data from 150 adults evaluated at Hisar Intercontinental Hospital. Participants were categorized into insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR > 2.5) and non-resistant (HOMA-IR < 2.5) groups. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were obtained from medical records. TGI and TGI-BMI values were calculated for each participant, and comparisons were made between groups. Correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to determine the relationship and diagnostic accuracy of these indices relative to HOMA-IR.

The study aims to validate TGI and TGI-BMI as reliable, low-cost indicators of insulin resistance applicable in both clinical and epidemiological settings, especially in laboratories where insulin assays are unavailable. The findings may contribute to improved screening and risk assessment strategies in metabolic disease management.

Inclusion criteria

• Eligible participants were adults aged 18-65 years with complete fasting biochemical and anthropometric data. Only patients who were not receiving antidiabetic medications at the time of evaluation were included.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients were excluded if they had any of the following:

• Known endocrine disorders (e.g., thyroid dysfunction, Cushing's syndrome)
• Chronic kidney or liver disease
• Active infection or systemic inflammatory disease
• Ongoing use of medications known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., corticosteroids, statins, metformin, or insulin)
• Incomplete or missing laboratory data