Trial to Compare the Effects of Tibolone (Livial®) and Continuous Combined Low-Dose Estradiol/Noresterone (Activelle®)

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects must be healthy and postmenopausal women, >= 45 and < 65 years of age, with an intact uterus.
• Subjects must have been postmenopausal for less than 15 years.
• Body Mass Index >18 and =< 32 kg/m2.
• Voluntary written informed consent is required.

Exclusion criteria

• Any unexplained abnormal uterine bleeding after the menopause.
• Double layer endometrial thickness = 6 mm as assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography.
• Treatment with oral estrogen and/or progestogen therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening, or treatment with transdermal therapy and local estrogen applications within 4 weeks prior to screening.
• Any previous or current unopposed estrogen administration, prior use of estrogen pellets or tamoxifen citrate (occasional use of estrogen-containing vaginal cream is allowed after the appropriate wash-out period is completed). Estrogen combined with sequential administration of progestogen should have been at least 10 days per 28 day cycle.
• The following wash-out periods apply:

• 4 weeks for transdermal hormonal treatment, local estrogen applications or other non-hormonal medication known to act on the relief of vasomotor symptoms (e.g. clonidine)
• 4 weeks for phytoestrogens, tibolone, intra-uterine or oral progestogen and oral estrogen/progestogen therapy
• 6 months for progestogen implants or injections and estrogen/progestogen injectable therapy.
• Any subjects who are either using phytoestrogens, tibolone, intra-uterine or oral progestogen, progestogen implants or injections, estrogen/progestogen combination therapy or any other non-hormonal medication known to act on the relief of vasomotor symptoms and who have not observed the appropriate wash-out periods (see previous exclusion criteria).
• Any serious disease or disorder; or any endocrine disorder; (controlled hypo/hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus Type II is allowed).
• Diseases for which exogenous hormonal steroids are contraindicated.
• History or presence of any malignancy, except successfully treated nonmelanoma skin cancers.
• History or presence of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular conditions:

• thrombophlebitis, thrombosis or thromboembolic disorders.
• History or presence of liver, gallbladder (subjects who have had a cholecystectomy will not be excluded) or renal disease, epilepsy or classical migraine headaches.
• History or presence of clinically significant depression or other psychiatric disorders which, in the investigator's judgment, might compromise or confound the subject's participation in the trial.
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure: systolic pressure > 170 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure > 105 mmHg, measured after 5 minutes in a sitting position.
• Abnormal cervical Pap smear (corresponding to PAP = III, or LSIL, HSIL, ASCUS, AGCUS in the Bethesda classification)
• Abnormal, clinically significant results of the mammography.
• Presence of fibrocystic disease of the breast.
• Presence of otosclerosis.
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the trial medication.
• Any subjects using either steroids, drugs known to affect sexual functioning and mood (antidepressants, psychoactive drugs, sedatives, neuroleptics, narcotics, benzodiazepines), drugs know to interfere with the pharmacokinetics of the steroids (hydantoins, primidone, rifampicin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, griseofulvin, warfarin, ketoconazole, or products containing St. John's wort), or raloxifene hydrochloride. A wash-out period of 4 weeks will apply to subjects using these drugs. Sporadical use of benzodiazepines (twice or less a week) is allowed